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CAPSULES Flashcards

1
Q

are solid dosage forms in which the medicinal agents and/or inert substances are enclosed in a small gelatin shell

A

CAPSULES

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2
Q

TWO TYPES OF CAPSULES

A

HARD GELATIN
SOFT GELATIN

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3
Q

used by community pharmacist in extemporaneous compounding of prescription

A

HARD GELATIN

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4
Q

commonly employed in clinical drug trials to compare investigational drug to another drug or a placebo

A

HARD GELATIN CAPSULES

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5
Q

Hard gelatin capsule consist of how many pieces of cylinders closed at one end

A

2 pcs

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6
Q

the shorter piece of a hard gelatin capsule

A

CAP

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7
Q

the cap of a capsule fits over the open end of longer piece called

A

BODY

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8
Q

added to make hard gelatin capsule opaque

A

TITANIUM DIOXIDE

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9
Q

components of capsule shell

3

A

gelatin
sugar
water

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10
Q

clear, colorless and essentially tasteless

A

empty capsule shells

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11
Q

colorant added to capsule shell

A

FD&C and D&C dyes

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12
Q
  • partial hydrolysis of collagen obtained from the skin, white connective tissue, and bones of animals
  • stable in air when dry, if moist - microbial decomposition
A

GELATIN

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13
Q

hard gelatin capsule contains ____ moisture

in %

A

13-16%

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14
Q

vegetarian capsules are made up of

A

HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE

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15
Q

if the capsule is placed in an environement of ____ and additional moisture is absorbed, it will be distorted and lose their rigid shape

A

HIGH HUMIDITY

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16
Q

if the capsule is placed in an environement of ____ , moisture present in the gelatin capsule is lost, it wil become brittle and crumble

A

EXTREME DRYNESS

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17
Q

added to protect product from moisture

A

DESSICANT

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18
Q

TYPES OF DESSICANT

3

A

dried silica gel
clay
activated charcoal

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19
Q

smallest capsule size

A

5

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20
Q

biggest capsule size for human

A

000

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21
Q

commonly used capsule size in veterinary

A

000

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22
Q

produce the proper capsule fill volume

examples: lactose, microcystalline cellulose and starch

A

DILUENT / FILLER

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23
Q

assist break-up and distribution of the capsule contents in the stomach

examples: pregelatinized starch, croscarmellose, sodium starch glycolate

A

DISINTEGRANTS

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24
Q

improve flow properties of powder mixture

examples: talc, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, stearic acid

A

LUBRICANTS / GLIDANTS

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25
Q

example of diluent / filler

A

LACTOSE

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25
Q

example of lubricants / glidants

A

MAGNESIUM STEARATE

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26
Q

facilitates wetting of powder by the GI fluids

example: sodium lauryl sulfate

A

SURFACE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

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27
Q

example of surface active ingredients

A

SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE

28
Q

used to polish or clean the capsule shell

A

GAUZE / CLOTH

29
Q

adde to make the soft gelatin capsule elastic or plastic like

30
Q

soft gelatin capsule contain more moisture than hard gelatin capsule, thus, contains preservatives like

2

A

METHYLPARABEN
PROPYLPARABEN

31
Q

why there is a preparation like capsule in a capsule or tablet in a capsule

A

to separate chemically incompatible agents or to add premeasured amounts of potent drug substances

32
Q

oldest commercial process that uses set of molds to form capsules

A

PLATE PROCESS

33
Q
  • a continuous process
  • two plasticized gelatin ribbons are continuously and simultaneously fed with liquid or paste fill between the rollers of the rotary die mechanism
A

ROTATING DIE PROCESS

34
Q

the gelatin ribbons are fed between a set of vertical dies that continually open and close to form rows of packets in gelatin ribbons

A

RECIPROCATING DIE PROCESS

35
Q

packaging for dispensing single dose capsule

A

UNIT DOSE PACKAGING

36
Q

packaging for dispensing multiple dose capsule

A

multiple dose packaging

37
Q

capsule shell that are not easily tampered and protected from premature opening due to indentations

38
Q

not suitable for filling into capsules because they absorb water present in a capsule shell that makes the shell very brittle and ultimately lead to crumble into pieces

A

HYGROSCOPIC DRUGS

39
Q

STEPS IN FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULE

4

A

develop & prepare a formulation, selecting the capsule size
fill the capsule
seal the capsule
clean & polish the capsule

40
Q

METHODS IN FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULE

2

A

Punch method
Capsule Filling machine

41
Q

METHOD IN FILLING SOFT GELATIN CAPSULE

3

A

Plate process
Rotary die process
Reciprocating die process

42
Q

PREPARATION THAT CAN FILL A HARD GELATIN CAPSULE

5

A

Powder or Granulate
Pellet mixture
Paste
Capsule
Tablet

43
Q

PREPARATION THAT CAN FILL A SOFT GELATIN CAPSULE

4

A

Liquids
Pasty materials
Suspensions
Dry fills

44
Q

LIQUID THAT CAN BE ENCAPSULATED IN SOFT GELATIN CAPSULES

3

A

water immiscible volatile & nonvolatile
water miscible nonvolatile liquids
water miscible & relatively nonvolatile

45
Q

drug without API psychological effect

46
Q

latin name of capsule & its meaning

A

CAPSULA
small container

47
Q

two piece capsules are commonly referred to as

A

hard shell capsules

48
Q

one piece capsules are commonly referred to as

A

soft shell capsules

49
Q
  • these capsules are cellulose-based
  • not made from animal by-products
  • no known potential health risks
  • consists of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose & water
  • no preservatives
  • fast dissolving and easily digestible
A

vegetarian capsule

50
Q

gelatin is soluble in

A

hot water & warm gastric fluid

51
Q
  • a noninvasive procedure that entails the use of a gamma ray-emitting radiotracer incorporated into the formulation with a gamma camera coupled to a data recording system
  • track the passage of capsules and tablets through the gastrointestinal tract to map their transit time and drug-release patterns
A

GAMMA SCINTIGRAPHY

52
Q

STEPS IN PREPARING HARD GELATIN CAPSULE

in order

A

dipping
spinning
drying
stripping
trimming
joining

53
Q

an example of a lubricant/glidant that is waterproof

A

MAGNESIUM STEARATE

54
Q

on an industrial scale, ____ designed for modified-release drug delivery are also commonly placed in capsule shells

A

COATED PELLETS

55
Q

these liquids that do not interfere with the stability of gelatin shells that may be placed in locking gelatin capsules to ensure retetntion of the liquid

A

FIXED OR VOLATILE OILS

56
Q

unsuitable for aqeuous liquids because water softens it and then it will become distorted

57
Q

eutectic mixtures or mixtures of agents that have a propensity to liquefy when admixed may be mixed with

A

DILUENT OR ABSORBENT

58
Q

when filling a small number of capsules in the pharmacy, the pharmacist may use what method

A

PUNCH METHOD

59
Q

a very water soluble and is used to enhance the dissolution rate of some drugs

A

POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG)

60
Q

capsule used to gain best results in filling hard gelatin capsules with liquid

A

SNAP LOCK CAPSULES

61
Q

used in sealing capsules to make distinctive-looking

A

COLORED BAND OF GELATIN

62
Q

a process of sealing capsules in which they fuses the capsule cap to the body through the double wall thickness at their juncture

A

HEAT-WELDING PROCESS

63
Q

a sealing process of capsules where they lower the melting point in the contact areas of the capsule’s cap and body and then thermally bonds the two parts using low temperatures uses what agent

A

LIQUID WETTING AGENT

64
Q

most soft gelatin capsules are prepared by the

A

ROTARY DIE PROCESS

65
Q

USP SPECIFICATIONS for capsules

A

must be tight, well closed, light resistant

66
Q

USP for content uniformity of capsules

67
Q

what to do if missed dose

A

take the dose as soon as you remember it, but if it is near the next dose, just take the next dose

DOSAGE (19 decks)

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