Models of media (passive audience) evaluation Flashcards
What are key criticisms of the hypodermic syringe model?
Deterministic
Argues audience is injected and passively accepts the ideas.
Reductionist, narrows down to cause and effect.
What is catharsis?
Screen violence is an outlet for violent emotions.
What did Feshback and Sanger study around catharsis?
6 week study
Teenage boys
Fed media diet
What did Feshback and Sanger find in their study around catharsis?
The boys who only saw aggressive TV were less aggressive.
What did young say about sensitisation?
Seeing the effects of violence in media and the pain it causes
Sensitises us
Making us less likely to do it ourselves
What did Gauntlet critics Banduras bobo study for?
People (esp children) do not behave naturally in lab conditions as they would in their everyday lives.
How do studies operationalise violence?
Studies often use fictional not real violence
selective approach
What did Morrisons argue?
Blanket view that all violence is wrong
There is a difference between realistic and cartoon violence
eg. simpsons
What is a criticism of the argument of cause and effect?
Violent people may choose to watch violent films not the other way around
What does Buckingham say about children as media users?
They have sophisticated media interpretations
Can distinguish between fictional and real violence
What does Wood say about children and horror movies?
Children watching horror movies after school used it as a macho or right of passage to see who can “stand and watch”
Why is it problematic to treat audiences as homogenous?
Audiences are diverse (CAGE)
What are factors that could affect an audiences media intake?
Parental restrictions
Family background
Exposure to real life violence could have a bigger impact
Some people actively choose to what media they want to watch
What does Scapegoating fail to account for?
Peers
Drugs
Trauma
Mental health issues
What example did Moore present?
‘Bowling for Columbine’
Klebold and Harris
They were good bowlers but no one blames it on that.
What was discovered in the ST Helena (Charlton) study?
Tv was introduced to island in 90s
No evidence of producing
imitation
Disinhibition
Desensitisation
What did Cumberbatch argue about weak evidence?
There is no systematic evidence
Media is scapegoated as a problem for societies problems
