Changing pattern in ownership of media Flashcards
What is the concentration of ownership? and sociologist?
Bagdikian
1930 - 50 organisations owned the majority go the USAa media.
2014 - 6 corporations are in control.
Meaning concentration has increased.
What is a negative of increased concentration of media?
Less corporations mean fewer points of view.
British newspaper industry and sociologist
Curran
7 individuals dominate ownership of and content of UK national daily and Sunday newspapers.
Only two controlled by companies not individuals.
- Trinity mirror
- Guardian Media group
What are the 4 main media corporations?
News corporations
Telegraph group
DMG
Norther and Shell
British broadcasting media and sociologist
Most content owned and controlled by ITVpic (12/15 regional commercial franchise)
Satellite TV owned by 3 companies.
Williams
‘Fewer and fewer larger companies increased own what we see, hear and read.’
What is horizontal integration?
Croteau and Hoynes
One company buys different kinds of media.
The largest media groups own a range of media.
Eg. News corporation by Murdoch used to focus on newspapers but not has an interest in TV, radio, film and internet.
What is vertical integration?
Crotaeu and Hoynes
One owner acquires all aspects of production and distribution of a single media product.
Eg. 5 Hollywood companies dominated the film industry in the early 20th century.
What is a positive point to back up vertical integration?
Kennedy
Most film goers are watching films produces by big American studios.
What is the expansion of transnational ownership?
Major media organisations operate across national boundaries.
Erosion of national boundaries means media corporations can spread.
New international markets developed.
Conglomerates form and have monopoly of ownership across lots of countries.
What is synergy?
Media transnationals use their diversity to package their products in several different ways to increase profit.
Eg. a film you can get a DVD, soundtrack, posters etc. from the same company so they increase their profits.
What is lateral expansion?
Media company diversifying into other business areas to spread economic risk.
Eg. Virgin (owned by Richard Branson)
Has media industry and other sectors. Runs an airline, train service, holiday business, insurance, health care services.
A broad business approach ensures that if one sector under performs, the company can rely on its other ventures to remain profitable.
What is technological convergence?
Merging multiple technologies into a single media delivery system.
Eg. Phone, tablet, laptop.
Media companies have increasily focus on this strategy to simplify and enhance how we consume media.
It allows companies to streamline content delivery, more convenient for consumers and increases companies control over media landscape.
