Mod 8 IQ 16

Question 1

What is the Pinna(the flap )

Answer 1

Collects sound waves from a wide area and funnels the sound into the external ear passage

Question 2

What is the Tympanic membrane (Eardrum )

Answer 2

Stretched across the end of the auditory canal’ separates the outer ear from the middle ear sound waves cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate; these are then conveyed from the tympanic membrane to the oval window by three tiny bones called the ear ossicles

Question 3

What is the Ear ossicles

Answer 3

Three intricately formed bones – the hammer, anvil, and stirrup – transmit the sound waves to the inner ear (sound vibrations travel well through the bone )

Question 4

What is the Oval window and round window

Answer 4

The oval window and round window are two thin membranes; sound reaches the inner ear at the oval window and pressure is then transmitted in the fluid in the tympanic canal
This pressure causes the round window, at the end of the tympanic canal, to bulge outwards; the oval windows helps to amplify the pressure of the sound vibrations

Question 5

What is the Cochlea (snail-like spiral coiled tube in the inner ear )

Answer 5

The cochlea contains the receptors for sound and vestibular apparatus that is associated with a sense of balance; as a result, the round window bulging outwards, fluid in the cochlear tubes vibrates

Question 6

What is the Organ of Corti

Answer 6

Contains the auditory receptor cells

Question 7

What is the Auditory nerve

Answer 7

Transmits the sound vibrations to the brain

Question 8

How does sound travel through the ear

Answer 8

Sound waves travel through the external ear(ear canal) and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted by ear ossicles(hammer, anvil, and stirrup) of the middle ear to the inner ear. Sound reaches the inner ear at the oval window. Vibrations are transmitted through the oval window to the spiral cochlea which contains fluid and nerve endings. Vibrations in the inner ear, displacement of the cochlear fluid and movement of the hair cells at the organs of Corti produce electrochemical signals. The auditory nerve transmits these neural impulses to the auditory area of the cerebrum in the brain where they are interpreted

Question 9

What are the causes of conductive hearing loss due to problems with the ear canal, eardrum, middle ear or ear ossicles

Answer 9

 Blocked ear canal by excessive ear wax
 Infection in the ear canal
 Perorated eardrum caused by loud noise
 Fluid in the middle ear from colds
 Damage to ear ossicles, usually caused by serious infection or head injuries
 Abnormal bone growth in the outer or middle ear

Question 10

What are the causes of sensorineural hearing loss due to problems in the inner ear

Answer 10

Damage to airs or nerve cells in the cochlea
hairs are damaged electrical signals are not transmitted efficiently
 Severe cochlear damage
infection from a virus such as measles, mumps or meningitis malformation of the inner ear
 Menier’s disease with symptoms that include ringing in the ears (tinnitus ), vertigo and loss of balance
 A tumor adjacent to the auditory nerve
 Can be inherited

Question 11

What are the causes of mixed hearing loss

Answer 11

 A combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss to the outer, middle and inner ear or auditory nerve; therefore a possible combination of causes

Question 12

What is the function of the eye

Answer 12

The eye is responsible for both vision and balance. The structure of the eye relate to its function of admitting light, refracting and focusing light to form an image, and converting that image into nerve impulses that are then conveyed to the brain for interpretation

Question 13

What is the conjunctiva

Answer 13

it protects the eye

Question 14

What does the cornea do

Answer 14

refracts light rays entering the eye

Question 15

What does the retina do

Answer 15

turns the light into a nerve impulse

Question 16

What do cones do

Answer 16

specialised for colour vision

Question 17

How is the eyeball kept in shape

Answer 17

 The fluid filled-filled anterior chamber and gel-filled posterior chamber help keep the eyeball in shape

Question 18

how does light travel between the eye

Answer 18

object –> air –> conjunctuva –> cornea –> awueous humour –> pupil –> lens –> Virtous humour –> retina

Question 19

What is myopia

Answer 19

is the opposite of hyperopia short-sightedness
if the cornea is too curved
the eyeball longer or the lens positioned further forward than normal the image produced is in front of the retina. Distant objects are not in focus and therefore the person as a visual disorder

Question 20

What is hyperopia

Answer 20

is short-sightedness,
this occurs when the cornea is flatter (less curved ) or the eyeball is shorter or the lens is positioned further back
(at an imagery spot) behind the retina. Near objects are not in focus and therefore the person has a visual disorder

Question 21

What is the function of kidneys

Answer 21

The main functions of the kidneys are to filter wastes from the blood and produce urine without loss of too much of water. The main wastes are the nitrogenous products urea and ammonia.

Question 22

More functions of kidneys

Answer 22

 Kidneys help in the homeostasis of water, glucose, and inorganic salts, quality and quantity of urine produced depends on factors such as diet, physical exercise, metabolism, and water intake
 In the human kidney water absorption is a passive process of diffusion and osmosis. Reabsorption of sodium salts, glucose, and amino acids are active process that requires

Question 23

What is a nephron

Answer 23

the functional unit of the kidney
Performs the role of ‘cleaning blood’
It doe this by filtering and reabsorbing
its structure is suite to its function

Question 24

what is the Bowman’s capsule

Answer 24

encloses a glomerulus; it functions to carry out the first step in filtration of the blood from the urine

Question 25

what is the Glomerulus (glomeruli plural)

Answer 25

A ball of capillaries that acts as an ultrafilter

Question 26

What is the long twisted tubules and loop of Henle

Answer 26

The twisted tubules occur in the cortex; the Loop of Henle is the u-shaped part of the nephron and it extends from the cortex down in the medulla and back; the tubules play role in the reabsorption of substances

Question 27

What is the collecting tubules

Answer 27

Losing straight tubule which opens into the pelvis of the kidney; the wall of the collecting tubule may be permeable or impermeable to water