Mod 5 IQ 3

Question 1

DNA in prokaryotes

Answer 1

super coiled DNA in a circular chromosome
LOOPED DNA
no organelles
No nucleus
Circular chromosome has one copy of each gene

Question 2

DNA in Eukaryotes

Answer 2

DNA is found in the nucleus
COILED DNA WITH ENDS
DNA is more densely packed and found in linear chromosomes during mitosis
Organelles are membrane-bound
DNA found in a membrane-bound nucleus
Homologous chromosomes contain two copies of each gene

Question 3

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 3

transfers the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome
A single strand of RNA that complements the base sequence of DNA

Question 4

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 4

reads the genetic code insert amino acids into the polypeptide chain
it contains a bind to an amino acid and at the other end, an anticodon triplet of bases that slot into mRNA ribosome

Question 5

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 5

Holds mRNA n place for insertion of tRNA and acts like a conveyer elongation of the polypeptide chain

Question 6

Transcription

Answer 6

the process of turning genetic information stored in the DNA into an intermediatory molecule mRNA

Question 7

Outline the process of transcription

Answer 7

1; RNA polymerase binds to the promoter upstream from a gene

2. AS RNA polymerase moves along the DNA strand, a small region of DNA is unwound
3. ENA polymerase read; the DNA template strand, matching complementary free-floating nucleotides (NTPs) to create a chain containing the same coding information
4. An mRNA molecule is sequentially synthesized by RNA polymer
5. Terminator sequence end the transcription DNA, and the newly formed mRNA

Question 8

What is translation

Answer 8

The translation is the process of turning encoded mRNA into a polypeptide chain

Question 9

Outline the process of translation

Answer 9

1. mRNA docks to a ribosome
2. The ribosome matches a complementary tRNA molecule to the mRNA by matching codon/anti-codon sequences
3. As subsequent tRNA molecules dock, a polypeptide bond is formed between the adjacent amino acid molecules which they carry
4. As the mRNA molecule continues to be read, the polypeptide chain is elongated by continued addition of amino acids
5. When a stop sequence is reached, the ribosome release the mRNA and polypeptide molecule
6. The polypeptide folds and undergoes post-translational modifications, resulting in a mature protein ready for use in cell

Question 10

how does DNA become a polypeptide

Answer 10

DNA –> transcription –> mRNA –> translation –> Polypeptide

Question 11

What is genotype

Answer 11

the genome or genetic make-up of an organism

Question 12

What is a phenotype

Answer 12

the outward appearance of an organism, including observable traits, biochemistry, and physicology

Question 13

What are the functions of proteins

Answer 13

Structure and support (connective tissues, hair, and nails)
Transport and storage (are responsible for moving molecules into and out of the cell and storage proteins reserve important biological materials )
Enzymes (function as a biological catalyst and used in energy production )
Antibodies (form ana important part of the immune response )
Messengers (hormones are proteins )

Question 14

Why is polypeptide important

Answer 14

inheritance and continuity of species depend on polypeptide synthesis
polypeptide synthesis results in the production of components necessary from protein formation
Protiens are vital to the structure and fuctionung of cells
Polypeptide synthesis provides the means for the inherited qualities that are carried in the DNA to be mobilized into cellular structure and function