Mod 5 IQ 1 Flashcards
What is internal fertilization
it is where the fertilization occurs inside the female body
protected environment
high success rate
increased probability of fertilization
high paternal care
less need for production of a large number of gametes
Well suited to both aquatic and terrestrial environments
External
offspring independent of parent
the production of large number of gametes
Gemetes ready for dispersal usually in an aqueous environment
Asexual reproduction in plants
involves miototic divison in specific locations such as buds
Sexual reproduction in plants
occurs in seed bearing plants like gynosperms
Advantages of asexual reproduction
Energy efficient
Requires only 1 parent
No need looking for mates required
No requirement to care for offspring
Disadvantages of asexual reproduction
lack of diversity
may result in large scale extinction
reduced ability to adapt to external pressures
Advantages of sexual reproduction
Variation in the population
Species better able to adapt to their environments
Disease events less likely to affect the entire population
Disadvantages
large time and energy investment
requires mate
fewer offspring produced
How does sexual reproduction occur in plants
Offspring are produced by the fusion of two haploid gametes. Male gametes (pollen) are produced and transferred to the female gametes (ovules.) This process is called pollination.
What are the male and female parts of the flower called
male(stamen) and female (carpel )
How is pollination facilitated
insects, birds small mammals and wind can transfer pollen
How does dispersal occur
Wind,
water or animals,
winged seeds that can be dispersed by the wind
How does sexual reproduction occur in fungi
gametes are generated which produce spores that are distributed into the environment
How does asexual reproduction in fungi
includes fragmentation (pieces of hyphae that separate a become new colonies ) Budding (the nucleus divides and a bulge forms on the side of the cell which splits of the mother cell ) Spores which produce genetically identical cells to the parents which are distributed into the environment by wind vectors
How does asexual reproduction occur in bacteria
a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells
DNA replication occurs were the genetic information of the bacteria is copied and divided into two
How do protists reproduce sexually
two haploid cells fuse to form a new cell, a zygote. genetic material is combined in a new fused nucleus
The zygote undergoes meiosis to form new cells
for diploid protists adult cell undergo meiosis o produce 4 gametes
How does Asexual reproduction occur in protists
Binary fission
Budding a new organism grows from the body of the parent organism to form a new colony
What is implantation
when a fertilized egg adheres to the wall of the uterus
What is fertilization
the fusion of gametes to initiate the development of a new organism
how does sexual reproduction begin
with the development of gametes
what is ovulation
the 12-24 hour window after the release of the eggs (ovum) is released into the fallopian tube
How does implantation occur
After fertilization, the zygote starts a process of mitotic cell divisions which become a small ball of cells called the morula
the morula continues to travel down the oviduct
in the uterus, it divides into the hollow fluid ball of cells called the blastocyst
the blastocyst embeds in the endometrium lining of the uterus.
What are hormones
chemicals released into the body fluid such as blood, that bind with protein receptors to activate specific cell or tissues to orchestrate long term or occasionally short term response to stimuli and maintain body function
What is progesterone and where is it produced
progesterone is a pregnancy hormone which is produced in the placenta and corpus luteum
