Mod 5 IQ 2

Question 1

What is mitosis

Answer 1

cell division resulting in daughter cells, with the same number and kind of chromosomes ad the parent

Question 2

What is Interphase 1st stage

Answer 2

Interphase is the first step of mitosis
the cell prepares itself for the division
DNA replication occurs to produce two copies of each chromosome

Question 3

What is prophase 2nd stage

Answer 3

Prohase is the second stage of mitosis
Duplicated chromosomes condense
the mitotic spindle forms at either end of the dividing cell
these spindles are composed of strands of microtubules which lengthen and shorten to pull chromatids

Question 4

What is the prometaphase 3rd stage

Answer 4

Prometaphase is the stage between metaphase and prophase

The nuclear envelope breaks down

Question 5

What is metaphase 4th stage

Answer 5

where pairs of condensed chromatids (sister chromosomes ) line up along the equator of the cell

Question 6

What is anaphase 5th stage

Answer 6

sister chromatids are drawn to opposite poles of the dividing cell by the mitotic spindle
Microtubules bind to chromatids at the kinetochore and begin to shorten, separating pairs from each other
There is now only one copy of each chromosome at either end of the cell

Question 7

What is telophase 6th stage

Answer 7

Two nuclear envelopes begin to form around the sperate sister chromatids

Question 8

Cytokinesis also 6th stage

Answer 8

Two daughter envelopes separated by the tightening ring of proteins around the middle of the dividing parent cell - the nuclei are squeezed apart
Cytokeniss simultaneously to anaphase and telophase

Question 9

Meiosis

Answer 9

cell division resulting in four daughter cells (gametes ) each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

Question 10

Interphase 1 (meiosis)

Answer 10

as with mitosis DNA replication occurs to produce two copies each chromosome

Question 11

Prophase 1 (meiosis )

Answer 11

Chromosomes condense and he nuclear envelope breaks down (prometaphase)
Homologous chromosomes pair up, aligning next to each other along their full length (this is when segments of DNA at the same locus swap to create new gene combinations )

Question 12

Metaphase 1 (meiosis)

Answer 12

homologous pairs (not individual chromosomes) line up along the equator of the separating cell

Question 13

Anaphase 1 (meiosis)

Answer 13

homologous pairs are separated, pulled to opposite ends of the cell by the meiotic spindle
sister chromatids remain attached

Question 14

Telophase 1 (meiosis )

Answer 14

Chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell

two diploid daughter cells are formed by cytokinesis

Question 15

Prophase 2

Answer 15

Chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down

Question 16

Metaphase 2

Answer 16

Chromosomes line up along the equator of the dividing cells

Question 17

Anaphase 2

Answer 17

sister chromatids are separated by the spindle microtubules and pulled towards opposite sides

Question 18

Telophase 2

Answer 18

Cytokeniss splits the dividing cell into two new cells
nuclear membrane form around each set of chromosomes
Four haploid daughter cells are formed, each containing half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

Question 19

What is Initiation in the process of DNA replication

Answer 19

Initiation (unzipping ) the enzyme helicase unwinds and separates complementary DNA strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

Question 20

What is Elongation in the process of DNA replication

Answer 20

Elongation small pieces of RNA called primers that bind to the ends of the strands, signaling the starting point of replication DNA polymerase binds to separated DNA strand s at primer sites, and beginnings to add new base pairs which are complementary to the strand for example if the polymerase recognizes A, it will bind with a T

Question 21

What is Termination in the process of DNA replication

Answer 21

DNA polymerase reaches the end of the DNA molecule, and two identical daughter strands now have been produced. Dtrands recoil into the double helix shape

Question 22

How does DNA replication affect the continuity of species

Answer 22

by copying the genetic material of a cell replication ensures that information important for life is transferred down through the generations
DNA replication is a highly-fidelity process, ensuring that daughter DNA strands carry the same gene and encoding all the essential proteins for life

Question 23

How does Mitosis affect the continuity of species

Answer 23

Mitosis increases the number of cells in an organism, allowing for the development of a multicellular body
Mitosis allows for old cells to be replaced ensuring that tissues continue to function effectively
mitosis allows us as humans to develop when we can pass on our genetic information onto offspring through sexual reproduction
mitosis creases the next generation of organisms

Question 24

How does Meiosis affect the continuity of species

Answer 24

the combination of gametes from sexual reproduction creates new organisms that have inherited traits from both parents purposefully introduces variation. Processes of crossing over independent assortment and random segregation allow for combinations of different alleles
The genetic variation which is introduced my meiosis and sexual reproduction which is integral for the continuity of species as mutation and variation are essential factors for survival and evolution and evolution