Mod 8 IQ 13

Question 1

trends of infectious and noninfectious diseases

Answer 1

Non-infectious diseases how now exceeded the infectious diseases as the leading cause of death and disability worldwide
infectious diseases remain a major cause of preventable illness and death in many countries in the world particularly developing countries
Non-infectious diseases are caused by factors such as ass genetic disorder, environmental exposure, nutrition and cancer

Question 2

What is a genetic disease

Answer 2

 Genetic diseases are inherited disorders caused by genetic mutations passed down from parent(s) to offspring. Mutations in germline cells result in a large proportion of inherited disorders

Question 3

What is an example of a genetic disease

Answer 3

Down syndrome(trisomy 21 ) Mild to moderate mental retardation and poor muscle tone; high-risk disorders such as congenital heart defects

Question 4

How are diseases caused by environmental exposure

Answer 4

 Environmental diseases are caused by environmental exposure to factors such as high levels of stress, noise, overcrowding, drugs, and pollutants, Mutagens ca be classed as physical, such as ultraviolet radiation, or chemical. Mutagenic chemicals include nicotine, pesticides, asbestos, mercury, lead, and food additives. Physical and chemical mutagens in the environment have been linked to diseases such as cancer

Question 5

What is an example of a disease caused by environmental exposure

Answer 5

Mesothelioma - A rare type of cancer affecting the membrane that covers and protects the lungs(pleura)
It is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos through it can take many years after exposure for mesothelioma to develop
Effects
If tiny fibers of asbestos are breathed in or swallowed they can cause inflammation in the protective membrane called mesothelium to form a tumor
Most cases occur in the pleural mesothelium of the chest cavity where the malignant cells can invade and damage nearby tissue
Effects include shortness of breath, chest pain or pain in the shoulder and upper arm, weight loss and eventually respiratory failure and pneumonia; it is a fatal disease

Question 6

What are nutritional diseases in humans

Answer 6

 Nutritional diseases are caused by a nutritional deficiency of an important compound, such as a protein, vitamin or mineral, and / or undernutrition. Other causes include excesses in diet along with other behavioral risk factors such as unhealthy eating, alcohol consumption, poor food choices, tobacco smoking and lack of physical exercise. Eating disorder such as bulimia and anorexia nervosa are also classed as nutritional diseases although the causes are complex

Question 7

What is an example of nutritional disease

Answer 7

Anemia - Iron deficiency

Iron is necessary for the production of healthy red blood cells so the blood is unable to carry enough oxygen tissues

Question 8

What is cancer

Answer 8

 Cancer is a disease of the body’s cells. Normally cells grow and multiply in a controlled way but if something causes a mutation to occur in the cells’ DNA(or mitochondria ) this control can be lost
 Cancer or tumor is the term used to describe the collection of these cells growing and potentially spreading within the body.

Question 9

Breats cancer

Answer 9

 Breast cancer is the abnormal growth of the cell lining the breast lobules or ducts, Cancer cells can move beyond the primary tumor and be transported via the lymph or blood vessels to other parts of the body. Breast cancer develops when there are mutations in genes due to carcinogen exposure leading to DNA damage. It can also develop when there are errors in DNA replication but these mutations can occur quite randomly

Question 10

Blood cancer

Answer 10

 Blood cancers include leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. Leukemia is a cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. Malignant cancer cells crowd the marrow and affect the body’s ability to make normal blood cells. Lymphomas are cancers that affect the lymphatic systems.