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EMT Study > Mod 4 Test > Flashcards

Mod 4 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the

A

Right atrium

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2
Q

Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle flows into

A

The pulmonary arteries

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3
Q

Which of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood ?
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary arteries
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary veins

A

Pulmonary veins

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4
Q

What is the function of the left atrium

A

It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

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5
Q

The left ventricle has the thickest walls because it

A

Pumps blood into the aorta and systemic circulation

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6
Q

The electrical impulse generated by the heart originated in the

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

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7
Q

When an electrical impulse reaches the AC node, it is slowed for a brief period of time so that

A

Blood can pass from the atria to the ventricles

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8
Q

The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source is called

A

Automaticity

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9
Q

The electrical stimulus that originates in the hearts primary pacemaker is controlled by impulses from which part of the brain

A

Autonomic nervous system

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10
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the sympathetic nervous system
Dilation of blood vessels in the muscles
Constriction of blood vessels in the muscles
Constriction of blood vessel’s in the digestive system
Increases in the heart and respiratory rates

A

Constriction of blood vessels in the muscles

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11
Q

In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Slows the heart and respiratory rates

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12
Q

When the myocardium requires more oxygen:

A

The arteries supplying the heart dilate

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13
Q

The myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the ____ which originates from the ______

A

Coronary arteries, aorta

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14
Q

Which of the following would cause the greatest increase in cardiac output

A

Increased heart rate and increased stroke volume

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15
Q

The right coronary artery supplies blood to the :

A

Right ventricle and inferior wall of the left ventricle

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16
Q

The head and brain receive their supply of oxygenated blood from the

A

Carotid arteries

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17
Q

The descending aorta divides into the two iliac arteries at the level of the

A

Umbilicus

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18
Q

Which of the following veins is located inferior to the trunk

A

Saphenous veins

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19
Q

The iliac arteries immediately subdivide into the

A

Femoral arteries

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20
Q

The inferior vecna cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart from all of the following areas except, EXCEPT
brain
Legs
Abdomen
Kidneys

A

Brain

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21
Q

Which of the following is the most reliable method of estimating a patients cardiac output

A

Assess the heart rate and strength of the pulse

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22
Q

The three major parts of the brain are the

A

Cerebrum,cerebellum,and brain stem

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23
Q

The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing are controlled by the

A

Brain stem

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24
Q

The left cerebral hemisphere controls which side of the body

A

The right side of body

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25
Q

Which of the following conditions would most likely affect the entire brain

A

Respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest

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26
Q

Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following except
An embolism
Cerebral vasodilation
A thrombus
Cerebral vasoconstriction

A

Cerebral vasodilation

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27
Q

Which of the following most accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stroke

A

Blockage of a cerebral artery

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28
Q

A hypertensive diabetic 49 year old man experienced a sudden sever headache then went unresponsive . Bp 190/94 and hr 50. What condition do you suspect
Acute hypoglycemia
A complete partial seizure
An occluded cerebral artery
A ruptured cerebral artery

A

A ruptured cerebral artery

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29
Q

The most significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is

A

Hypertension

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30
Q

An area of swelling or enlargement in a weakened arterial wall is called

A

An aneurysm

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31
Q

Which of the following clinical signs is most suggestive of a ruptured cerebral artery

A

Sudden severe headache

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32
Q

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when

A

The normal body processes destroy a clot in a cerebral artery

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33
Q

A patient who is experiencing aphasia is

A

Unable to produce or understand speech

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34
Q

A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing

A

Dysarthria

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35
Q

Which of the following conditions would be least likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke

A

Hypovolemia

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36
Q

A generalized seizure is characterized by

A

Severe twitching of all the body’s muscles

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37
Q

An absence seizure is also referred to as a

A

Petit mal seizure

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38
Q

The mental status of a patient who has experienced a typical seizure is likely to

A

Is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes

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39
Q

Which of the following most accurately describes what the patient during the postural state that follows a seizure

A

Confusion and fatigue

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40
Q

Status epilepticus is characterized by

A

Prolonged seizures without a return of consciousness

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41
Q

Which of the following medications is not used to treat patients with a history of seizures
Phenobarbital
Hydromorphone(dilaudid)
Carabamazepine(tegretol)
Phenytoin(dilantin)

A

Hydromorphone(dilaudid). =opioid medication

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42
Q

Febrile seizures are often a result of

A

Rapid increases in body temperature

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43
Q

Which of the following organs assists in the filtration of blood ,serves as a blood reservoir and produces antibodies

A

Spleen

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44
Q

The kidneys help regulate blood pressure by

A

Removing sodium ,and thus water, from the body

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45
Q

Peritonitis may result in shock because

A

Fluid shifts from the bloodstream into the body tissues

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46
Q

Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body (such as back ,shoulder) as well as in the original location(such as chest), is called

A

Radiating pain

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47
Q

A mildly obese woman is complaining of localized pain in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) with referred pain to the right shoulder . You suspect

A

Acute cholecycstitis

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48
Q

The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be

A

Vague and poorly localized

49
Q

Characteristic of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

A

Burning or pain in the stomach that subsides immediately after eating

50
Q

Pain that radiates to the right lower quadrant (RLQ) from the umbilical area, nausea and vomiting , and anorexia MOST indicate

A

Appendicitis

51
Q

Diabetes is most accurately defined as an

A

Disorder of carbohydrate metabolism

52
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Is a condition in which no insulin is produced by the body

53
Q

Patients with type 2 diabetes usually control their disease with all of the following except
Glyburide(micronase)
Tolbutamide(orinase)
Supplemental insulin
Diet and exercise

A

Supplemental insulin

54
Q

The brain requires ____ as much as it requires oxygen

A

Glucose

55
Q

Patients with uncontrolled diabetes experience polyuria because

A

Excess glucose in the blood is excreted by the kidneys

56
Q

Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is

A

Attempting to eliminate acids from the blood is

57
Q

Normal blood glucose level, as measured by a glucometer is between

A

80 and 120 mg/dL

58
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when

A

Insulin is not available in the body

59
Q

28 year old diabetic with poor sugar control. She is responsive to verbal stimulus only after urinating excessively for a day. You suspect

A

She is likely significantly hyperglycemic

60
Q

Signs and symptoms of diabetic coma include

A

Warm, dry skin
Acetone breath odor
Rapid,thready pulse

61
Q

Signs and symptoms of insulin shock are the result of

A

Decreased blood glucose levels

62
Q

Emts primary responsibility to the patient who has been poisoned is to

A

Recognize that a poisoning occurred

63
Q

Heroin is an example of

A

Opioid

64
Q

Hypotension,hypoventilation,and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of

A

Oxycodone(Percocet)

65
Q

Bad question to ask to a patient with ingested poison

A

Why was the substance ingested

66
Q

A poison that enters the body____ is the most difficult to treat

A

Injection

67
Q

Poison control center will be able to provide the most information regarding treatment for a drug overdose if the center

A

Is aware of the substance that is involved

68
Q

Lung damage may progress after the patient is removed from the environment. This is true for what kinda poison route?

A

Inhaled poison

69
Q

Phosphorus or elemental sodium should be brushed off of the skin instead of irrigated with water because

A

These chemicals may ignite upon contact with water

70
Q

Most poisonings occur via the _______ route

A

Ingestion

71
Q

Syrup of ipecac is no longer recommended to treat patients who have ingested a poisonous substance because it

A

May result in aspiration of vomitus

72
Q

Usual dose for activated charcoal is

A

1g/kg

73
Q

In contrast to a behavioral crisis, a psychiatric emergency occurs when a person

A

Demonstrates agitation or violence or becomes a threat bro himself or herself or to others

74
Q

First step in assessing a patient with a behavioral emergency is to

A

Ensure your safety

75
Q

Managing a patient with a behavioral emergency include

A

Being prepared to spend extra time with the patient

76
Q

Aside from safety, emts responsibility when caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency is to

A

Diffuse and control the situation and safely transport the patient

77
Q

It is not uncommon for young females who experience their fist menstrual period to

A

Experience abdominal cramping which may be misinterpreted

78
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease can scar the fallopian tubes which

A

Increases risk of an ectopic pregnancy

79
Q

Does NOT typically present with vaginal discharge
Vaginosis
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Genital herpes

A

Genital herpes

80
Q

Painful urination is a common symptom of _____ in men and women

A

Gonorrhea

81
Q

Whenever possible , a female sexual assault victim should be

A

Given the option of being treated by a female emt

82
Q

The semi-conscious patient has non-traumatic vaginal bleeding, Diaphoresis (sweating), rapid/shallow breathing, and a rapid pulse. You should

A

Assist her ventilations with a bag mask device

83
Q

Treatment for a woman with vaginal bleeding and shock following sexual assault should NOT include

A

Carefully removing any foreign bodies from the vagina

84
Q

The physical examination of a sexual assault victim should be

A

Limited to a brief survey for life threatening injuries

85
Q

Pulse oximetry measures the % of ______ that is saturated with oxygen but does not measure the _____ count

A

Hemoglobin

86
Q

22 year old female complaining of dyspnea and numbness , tingling in her hands and feet after an argument. You should

A

Provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed

87
Q

Successful treatment of a stroke depends on whether

A

Thrombolytic therapy is given within 3 hours after symptoms began

88
Q

A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for Thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) therapy if he or she

A

Has bleeding within the brain

89
Q

Cincinnati stroke scale

A

Facial droop
Arm drift
Speech

90
Q

A patient with a history of seizures experiences a sudden convulsion. The LEAST likely cause of this seizure is
Epilepsy
Intracranial bleeding
A brain tumor
A serious infection

A

Epilepsy

91
Q

58 year old confusion dyspnea right sided weakness slurred speech. Your partner gives oxygen while you asks his wife

A

When she first noticed the symptoms

92
Q

During the primary, a semi-conscious 70 year old , you should

A

Ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed

93
Q

Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia, secondary to abnormalities of the

A

Liver

94
Q

The principal clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is patients with hypoglycemia

A

Usually have an altered mental status or decreased level of consciousness

95
Q

You administer an epinephrine auto injector to a 22 year old and her dyspnea improves. But she is still tachcardic and anxious. You should

A

Monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine

96
Q

The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within ____ following administration

A

1 minute

97
Q

After giving an epinephrine injection you should

A

Properly dispose of the syringe

98
Q

The pain associated with AMI can occur during

A

Exertion or when the patient is at rest

99
Q

Common side effects of nitroglycerin include all of the following except
Hypertension
Severe headache
Bradycardia
Hypotension

A

Hypertension

100
Q

Represents the most appropriate method of assisting a patient with his prescribed nitroglycerin

A

Administer the medication sublingually and allow it to dissolve or absorb

101
Q

Inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain

A

Meningitis

102
Q

Is caused by inflammation and swelling of the pharynx,larynx,and trachea. Typical seen in children between 6 months and 3 years

A

Croup

103
Q

Inadequate oxygen delivery to the tissues is a problem of

A

Oxygenation

104
Q

Infection of the lungs. The infection collects in the surrounding normal lung tissues,impairing the lungs ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Pneumonia

105
Q

A bacterial infection. Spreads by cough and is dangerous because many strains are resistant to antibiotics.

A

Tuberculosis

106
Q

The heart muscle is so injured after a heart attack or other illness that it cannot circulate blood properly. In these cases the left side of the heart can’t remove blood from the king as fast as the right side delivers it. As a result, fluid builds up within the alveoli and in the lung tissues is between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. This accumulation of fluid is referred to as

A

Pulmonary edema

107
Q

Is a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible

A

COPD

108
Q

Is an acute spasm of the bronchioles associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages. Produces a characteristic wheezing as the patient attempts to exhale

A

Asthma

109
Q

Is a severe allergic reaction characterized by airway swelling and dilation of blood vessels all over the body, which may significantly lower blood pressure

A

Anaphylaxis

110
Q

Is a partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space

A

Pneumothorax

111
Q

Is a collection of fluid outside the king on one or both sides of the chest. It compresses the lung or lungs and causes dyspnea

A

Pleural effusion

112
Q

Is anything in the circulatory system that moves from its point of origin to a distant site and lodges there, obstructing subsequent blood flow in that area

A

An embolus

113
Q

A patient with diabetes who has high blood glucose level, a patient who has take an overdose of aspirin, or a patient with a severe infection is likely to hyperventilate. In these cases , rapid, deep breathing is the body’s attempt to stay alive. The body is trying to compensate for ___

A

Acidosis, the buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from primary illness.

114
Q

Arteries take blood _____ from the heart

A

Away

115
Q

Veins bring blood back ___ to the heart

A

Toward

116
Q

Cardiac muscle tissues is found in which layer of the heart

A

Myocardium

117
Q

___ are low pitched rattling sounds caused by secretions or mucus in the larger away. Associated with copd,pneumonia,bronchitis. “Junky” lung sounds

A

Rhonchi

118
Q

__ this sounds indicates constriction and/or inflammation in the bronchus. High pitched almost musical or whistling sound. Asthma,copd,chf,pneumonia,bronchitis,anaphylaxis

A

Wheezing

119
Q

Formerly called tales, are the sounds of air trying to pass through fluid in the alveoli, crackling or bubbling sound . Chf,pneumonia, pink frothy sputum

A

Crackles

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