Mod 4 Test Flashcards
Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the
Right atrium
Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle flows into
The pulmonary arteries
Which of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood ?
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary arteries
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary veins
What is the function of the left atrium
It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
The left ventricle has the thickest walls because it
Pumps blood into the aorta and systemic circulation
The electrical impulse generated by the heart originated in the
Sinoatrial (SA) node
When an electrical impulse reaches the AC node, it is slowed for a brief period of time so that
Blood can pass from the atria to the ventricles
The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source is called
Automaticity
The electrical stimulus that originates in the hearts primary pacemaker is controlled by impulses from which part of the brain
Autonomic nervous system
Which of the following is NOT a function of the sympathetic nervous system
Dilation of blood vessels in the muscles
Constriction of blood vessels in the muscles
Constriction of blood vessel’s in the digestive system
Increases in the heart and respiratory rates
Constriction of blood vessels in the muscles
In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system
Slows the heart and respiratory rates
When the myocardium requires more oxygen:
The arteries supplying the heart dilate
The myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the ____ which originates from the ______
Coronary arteries, aorta
Which of the following would cause the greatest increase in cardiac output
Increased heart rate and increased stroke volume
The right coronary artery supplies blood to the :
Right ventricle and inferior wall of the left ventricle
The head and brain receive their supply of oxygenated blood from the
Carotid arteries
The descending aorta divides into the two iliac arteries at the level of the
Umbilicus
Which of the following veins is located inferior to the trunk
Saphenous veins
The iliac arteries immediately subdivide into the
Femoral arteries
The inferior vecna cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart from all of the following areas except, EXCEPT
brain
Legs
Abdomen
Kidneys
Brain
Which of the following is the most reliable method of estimating a patients cardiac output
Assess the heart rate and strength of the pulse
The three major parts of the brain are the
Cerebrum,cerebellum,and brain stem
The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing are controlled by the
Brain stem
The left cerebral hemisphere controls which side of the body
The right side of body
Which of the following conditions would most likely affect the entire brain
Respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest
Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following except
An embolism
Cerebral vasodilation
A thrombus
Cerebral vasoconstriction
Cerebral vasodilation
Which of the following most accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stroke
Blockage of a cerebral artery
A hypertensive diabetic 49 year old man experienced a sudden sever headache then went unresponsive . Bp 190/94 and hr 50. What condition do you suspect
Acute hypoglycemia
A complete partial seizure
An occluded cerebral artery
A ruptured cerebral artery
A ruptured cerebral artery
The most significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is
Hypertension
An area of swelling or enlargement in a weakened arterial wall is called
An aneurysm
Which of the following clinical signs is most suggestive of a ruptured cerebral artery
Sudden severe headache
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when
The normal body processes destroy a clot in a cerebral artery
A patient who is experiencing aphasia is
Unable to produce or understand speech
A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing
Dysarthria
Which of the following conditions would be least likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke
Hypovolemia
A generalized seizure is characterized by
Severe twitching of all the body’s muscles
An absence seizure is also referred to as a
Petit mal seizure
The mental status of a patient who has experienced a typical seizure is likely to
Is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes
Which of the following most accurately describes what the patient during the postural state that follows a seizure
Confusion and fatigue
Status epilepticus is characterized by
Prolonged seizures without a return of consciousness
Which of the following medications is not used to treat patients with a history of seizures
Phenobarbital
Hydromorphone(dilaudid)
Carabamazepine(tegretol)
Phenytoin(dilantin)
Hydromorphone(dilaudid). =opioid medication
Febrile seizures are often a result of
Rapid increases in body temperature
Which of the following organs assists in the filtration of blood ,serves as a blood reservoir and produces antibodies
Spleen
The kidneys help regulate blood pressure by
Removing sodium ,and thus water, from the body
Peritonitis may result in shock because
Fluid shifts from the bloodstream into the body tissues
Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body (such as back ,shoulder) as well as in the original location(such as chest), is called
Radiating pain
A mildly obese woman is complaining of localized pain in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) with referred pain to the right shoulder . You suspect
Acute cholecycstitis
The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be
Vague and poorly localized
Characteristic of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
Burning or pain in the stomach that subsides immediately after eating
Pain that radiates to the right lower quadrant (RLQ) from the umbilical area, nausea and vomiting , and anorexia MOST indicate
Appendicitis
Diabetes is most accurately defined as an
Disorder of carbohydrate metabolism
Type 1 diabetes
Is a condition in which no insulin is produced by the body
Patients with type 2 diabetes usually control their disease with all of the following except
Glyburide(micronase)
Tolbutamide(orinase)
Supplemental insulin
Diet and exercise
Supplemental insulin
The brain requires ____ as much as it requires oxygen
Glucose
Patients with uncontrolled diabetes experience polyuria because
Excess glucose in the blood is excreted by the kidneys
Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is
Attempting to eliminate acids from the blood is
Normal blood glucose level, as measured by a glucometer is between
80 and 120 mg/dL
Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when
Insulin is not available in the body
28 year old diabetic with poor sugar control. She is responsive to verbal stimulus only after urinating excessively for a day. You suspect
She is likely significantly hyperglycemic
Signs and symptoms of diabetic coma include
Warm, dry skin
Acetone breath odor
Rapid,thready pulse
Signs and symptoms of insulin shock are the result of
Decreased blood glucose levels
Emts primary responsibility to the patient who has been poisoned is to
Recognize that a poisoning occurred
Heroin is an example of
Opioid
Hypotension,hypoventilation,and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of
Oxycodone(Percocet)
Bad question to ask to a patient with ingested poison
Why was the substance ingested
A poison that enters the body____ is the most difficult to treat
Injection
Poison control center will be able to provide the most information regarding treatment for a drug overdose if the center
Is aware of the substance that is involved
Lung damage may progress after the patient is removed from the environment. This is true for what kinda poison route?
Inhaled poison
Phosphorus or elemental sodium should be brushed off of the skin instead of irrigated with water because
These chemicals may ignite upon contact with water
Most poisonings occur via the _______ route
Ingestion
Syrup of ipecac is no longer recommended to treat patients who have ingested a poisonous substance because it
May result in aspiration of vomitus
Usual dose for activated charcoal is
1g/kg
In contrast to a behavioral crisis, a psychiatric emergency occurs when a person
Demonstrates agitation or violence or becomes a threat bro himself or herself or to others
First step in assessing a patient with a behavioral emergency is to
Ensure your safety
Managing a patient with a behavioral emergency include
Being prepared to spend extra time with the patient
Aside from safety, emts responsibility when caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency is to
Diffuse and control the situation and safely transport the patient
It is not uncommon for young females who experience their fist menstrual period to
Experience abdominal cramping which may be misinterpreted
Pelvic inflammatory disease can scar the fallopian tubes which
Increases risk of an ectopic pregnancy
Does NOT typically present with vaginal discharge
Vaginosis
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Genital herpes
Genital herpes
Painful urination is a common symptom of _____ in men and women
Gonorrhea
Whenever possible , a female sexual assault victim should be
Given the option of being treated by a female emt
The semi-conscious patient has non-traumatic vaginal bleeding, Diaphoresis (sweating), rapid/shallow breathing, and a rapid pulse. You should
Assist her ventilations with a bag mask device
Treatment for a woman with vaginal bleeding and shock following sexual assault should NOT include
Carefully removing any foreign bodies from the vagina
The physical examination of a sexual assault victim should be
Limited to a brief survey for life threatening injuries
Pulse oximetry measures the % of ______ that is saturated with oxygen but does not measure the _____ count
Hemoglobin
22 year old female complaining of dyspnea and numbness , tingling in her hands and feet after an argument. You should
Provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed
Successful treatment of a stroke depends on whether
Thrombolytic therapy is given within 3 hours after symptoms began
A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for Thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) therapy if he or she
Has bleeding within the brain
Cincinnati stroke scale
Facial droop
Arm drift
Speech
A patient with a history of seizures experiences a sudden convulsion. The LEAST likely cause of this seizure is
Epilepsy
Intracranial bleeding
A brain tumor
A serious infection
Epilepsy
58 year old confusion dyspnea right sided weakness slurred speech. Your partner gives oxygen while you asks his wife
When she first noticed the symptoms
During the primary, a semi-conscious 70 year old , you should
Ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed
Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia, secondary to abnormalities of the
Liver
The principal clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is patients with hypoglycemia
Usually have an altered mental status or decreased level of consciousness
You administer an epinephrine auto injector to a 22 year old and her dyspnea improves. But she is still tachcardic and anxious. You should
Monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine
The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within ____ following administration
1 minute
After giving an epinephrine injection you should
Properly dispose of the syringe
The pain associated with AMI can occur during
Exertion or when the patient is at rest
Common side effects of nitroglycerin include all of the following except
Hypertension
Severe headache
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Hypertension
Represents the most appropriate method of assisting a patient with his prescribed nitroglycerin
Administer the medication sublingually and allow it to dissolve or absorb
Inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain
Meningitis
Is caused by inflammation and swelling of the pharynx,larynx,and trachea. Typical seen in children between 6 months and 3 years
Croup
Inadequate oxygen delivery to the tissues is a problem of
Oxygenation
Infection of the lungs. The infection collects in the surrounding normal lung tissues,impairing the lungs ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
Pneumonia
A bacterial infection. Spreads by cough and is dangerous because many strains are resistant to antibiotics.
Tuberculosis
The heart muscle is so injured after a heart attack or other illness that it cannot circulate blood properly. In these cases the left side of the heart can’t remove blood from the king as fast as the right side delivers it. As a result, fluid builds up within the alveoli and in the lung tissues is between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. This accumulation of fluid is referred to as
Pulmonary edema
Is a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible
COPD
Is an acute spasm of the bronchioles associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages. Produces a characteristic wheezing as the patient attempts to exhale
Asthma
Is a severe allergic reaction characterized by airway swelling and dilation of blood vessels all over the body, which may significantly lower blood pressure
Anaphylaxis
Is a partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space
Pneumothorax
Is a collection of fluid outside the king on one or both sides of the chest. It compresses the lung or lungs and causes dyspnea
Pleural effusion
Is anything in the circulatory system that moves from its point of origin to a distant site and lodges there, obstructing subsequent blood flow in that area
An embolus
A patient with diabetes who has high blood glucose level, a patient who has take an overdose of aspirin, or a patient with a severe infection is likely to hyperventilate. In these cases , rapid, deep breathing is the body’s attempt to stay alive. The body is trying to compensate for ___
Acidosis, the buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from primary illness.
Arteries take blood _____ from the heart
Away
Veins bring blood back ___ to the heart
Toward
Cardiac muscle tissues is found in which layer of the heart
Myocardium
___ are low pitched rattling sounds caused by secretions or mucus in the larger away. Associated with copd,pneumonia,bronchitis. “Junky” lung sounds
Rhonchi
__ this sounds indicates constriction and/or inflammation in the bronchus. High pitched almost musical or whistling sound. Asthma,copd,chf,pneumonia,bronchitis,anaphylaxis
Wheezing
Formerly called tales, are the sounds of air trying to pass through fluid in the alveoli, crackling or bubbling sound . Chf,pneumonia, pink frothy sputum
Crackles
