Airway, Respiration, And Ventilation

Question 1

What is one key way to tell if manual ventilations are ineffective?

Answer 1

No chest rise
Explanation:
Chest rise indicates that the airway is open and you are delivering an adequate volume of air into the lungs.

Question 2

The tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles are called ____.

Answer 2

Alveoli

Question 3

What is a pneumothorax?

Answer 3

a buildup of air in the space between the chest wall and the lung

Question 4

Early signs of hypoxia include ____.

Answer 4

increased heart and respiratory rate, anxiety, and restlessness
Explanation:
Hypoxia occurs when the tissues do not get enough oxygen, which can lead to symptoms of respiratory distress.

Question 5

When is a jaw thrust maneuver used?

Answer 5

when a patient is unconscious and/or has a possible neck or spinal injury
Explanation:
A jaw thrust maneuver involves pushing the mandible upward and opening the airway without moving the patient’s neck.

Question 6

Signs of labored breathing in a child can include ____.

Answer 6

retractions, nasal flaring, and grunting
Explanation:
Labored breathing indicates a person is working hard to get air in and out and they may use accessory muscles (which causes retractions), grunting, and nasal flaring.

Question 7

Asthma often causes what type of breath sounds?

Answer 7

wheezing
Explanation:
Asthma may cause constriction of the airways, which causes a whistling sound referred to as “wheezing.”

Question 8

What type of adjunct airway device should be used on a patient with an intact gag reflex?

Answer 8

nasopharyngeal airway
Explanation:
An oral airway may cause gagging in someone with an intact gag reflex. A nasal airway should be used if the gag reflex is intact.

Question 9

What percentage of oxygen can be delivered with a Venturi mask?

Answer 9

24 to 40 percent
Explanation:
Special attachments corresponding to a certain liter flow allow a specific percentage of oxygen to be delivered.

Question 10

What is a metered dose inhaler?

Answer 10

a small device used to deliver a set amount of aerosolized medication
Explanation:
A metered dose inhaler is often used to deliver medication to treat COPD and asthma.

Question 11

What is a normal capillary refill time?

Answer 11

less than two seconds
Explanation:
more than two seconds is associated with decreased perfusion

Question 12

Stridor can be a sign of ____.

Answer 12

upper airway obstruction
Explanation:
Stridor, which is a high-pitched wheezing or crowing sound heard in the upper airway, is often caused by a disruption of airflow.

Question 13

What is end tidal CO2?

Answer 13

carbon dioxide exhaled from the lungs with each breath
Explanation:
Oxygen is inhaled into the lungs and carbon dioxide is exhaled.

Question 14

What is gastric distention?

Answer 14

an accumulation of air in the stomach
Explanation:
Air can accumulate in the stomach if manual ventilations are too fast or forceful.

Question 15

What is COPD

Answer 15

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease causing restricted airflow and breathing problems. It is sometimes called emphysema or chronic bronchitis.

Question 16

In people who have chronically high levels of carbon dioxide, the body gets used to the high levels and instead begins to base the drive to breathe on low oxygen levels. This is referred to as

Answer 16

hypoxic drive

Question 17

What is Dyspnea

Answer 17

Dyspnea is shortness of breath or difficulty breathing that can occur for a variety of reasons. Respiratory illnesses, such as asthma and COPD, can lead to dyspnea. Additional causes of dyspnea include pulmonary edema, airway obstruction, and anxiety. Symptoms include shallow, rapid breathing and anxiety.

Question 18

Pulmonary edema is

Answer 18

excess fluid in the lungs. It can occur suddenly due to congestive heart failure. Symptoms include shortness of breath, pink, frothy sputum, and a cough. The patient may also have crackles. Oxygen and the medication Lasix® (furosemide) are typical treatments.

Question 19

COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is caused by damage to the _____ and is often due to smoking.

Answer 19

alveoli

Question 20

Asthma is a chronic condition that can cause

Answer 20

increased mucus production, inflammation of the airways, and airway constriction. Symptoms may include wheezing, cough, and dyspnea.

Question 21

Hay fever is an

Answer 21

allergic reaction to an allergen. Symptoms may include sneezing, cough, and runny nose.

Question 22

Anaphylaxis is a

Answer 22

severe allergic reaction to an allergen. The condition can be life-threatening, since it can lead to airway swelling and a drop in blood pressure. Symptoms can include trouble breathing, stridor, and hives. Treatment includes epinephrine and airway management.

Question 23

What is Spontaneous Pneumothorax

Answer 23

A pneumothorax involves air in the pleural space. It can occur spontaneously due to a lung infection, trauma, or for unknown reasons. Symptoms include chest pain, dyspnea, and decreased breath sounds over the affected area. Treatment includes inserting a chest tube to remove the air.

Question 24

pleural effusion involves an

Answer 24

accumulation of fluid outside the lungs in the pleural space. It can occur due to an infection, congestive heart failure, and cancer.

Question 25

pulmonary embolism is a

Answer 25

blood clot in the pulmonary artery. The clot usually travels from another part of the body, such as the legs or pelvis. It can restrict blood flow to the lungs, decrease oxygen levels in the body, and be life-threatening.

Question 26

Hyperventilation is an

Answer 26

abnormally high respiratory rate. Causes may include pain, anxiety, and fever. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause.

Question 27

Environmental and industrial contaminants can involve the

Answer 27

inhalation of various chemicals, substances, and gases that irritate the airway, such as carbon monoxide.

Question 28

Foreign body aspiration is the

Answer 28

inhalation of something, such as food or an object, into a person’s airway. Symptoms include shortness of breath and stridor

Question 29

What is a tracheostomy?

Answer 29

A tracheostomy — also called a tracheotomy — is a surgical opening that’s made through your neck into your trachea (windpipe). A tracheostomy opens your airway and helps you breathe.

Question 30

Patients who have a tracheostomy tube can experience various complications, such as

Answer 30

mucus plugs blocking the airway, bleeding, and dislodgment of the tube.

Question 31

Cystic fibrosis is a

Answer 31

genetic disorder that affects the digestive system and the lungs. Symptoms include excessive mucus production, wheezing, and dyspnea.

Question 32

Patients should be placed in the ____ position if the situation allows, as this position is most effective for opening the airway.

Answer 32

Supine

Question 33

There are two main types of suction catheters: a rigid tip catheter called a ____, for suctioning in the mouth, and a soft tip flexible catheter, sometimes referred to as a ____ catheter,

Answer 33

Yankauer And french

Question 34

There are two types of airway adjuncts:

Answer 34

an oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airway.

Question 35

CPAP can be used to deliver

Answer 35

continuous positive pressure to the lungs. It should only be used in spontaneously breathing patients. CPAP can improve tidal volumes and oxygenation while decreasing the work of breathing.

Question 36

A stoma is an

Answer 36

an opening made in the skin midline in the neck. A stoma is typically used to insert a tracheostomy tube, but the stoma itself can also be an independent airway without a trach tube.

Question 37

The upper airway is made up of the

Answer 37

oral cavity, the nose, tongue, jaw, larynx, and pharynx. The main function of the upper airway is to serve as a passage for air to be inhaled and exhaled out of the lungs. The upper airway also humidifies and heats the air.

Question 38

The lower airway consists of the

Answer 38

trachea and the lungs. The trachea divides into the right and left mainstem bronchi. The bronchi branch into the right and left lung. The lungs are further divided into lobes. The left lung consists of two lobes, the upper and lower. The right lung is composed of the upper, middle, and lower lobes. Each lobe is made up of millions of alveoli, which are tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.