Mod 2 - ATM Flashcards
you gotta know your shit 100%
What are the different air traffic services?
ATC
FIS
ALRS
(ADVS)
What services does an aerodrome unit provide?
ATC
FIS
ALRS
To who does an aerodrome provide its services to?
To AC flying with visual reference to the surface in, and in the vicinity of, the ATZ and operating on the manoeuvring area
Can an ADC be combined with an APP temporarily or permanently?
Both
What positions could the tasks in TWR be divided into?
Aerodrome Controller
Ground Controller
Clearance Delivery Position
What is the area of responsibilty for the position ‘Aerodrome Controller’ in a TWR?
+ RWY
+ AC flying in ATZ
What is the area of responsibilty for the position ‘Ground Controller’ in a TWR?
+ traffic on manoeuvring area with exception of RWY
What is the area of responsibilty for the position ‘Clearance Delivery Position’ in a TWR?
+ delivery of start-up and clearances for departing IFR flights
When shall control of flights NOT be divided between an ADC and APP unit?
For flights which are provided with an aerodrome service only
When shall control be transferred from an APP to an ADC unit?
+ When AC is in the vicinity of the AD and it is considered that approach and landing will be completed with visual reference to the ground OR when the AC has reached uninterrupted visual met conditions
+ when AC is at prescribed point/level
+ when AC has landed
When shall control be transferred form an ADC to APP unit?
+ when VMC prevails in the vicinity prior to the time the AC leaves the vicinity OR prior to AC entering IMC OR when AC is at prescribed point/level
+ when IMC prevails at aerodrome immediately after AC is airborne OR when AC is at prescribed point/level
At what point/level/time should the transfer of comms be effected? (APP > ADC)
So that clearance to land or alternate instructions as well as information on essential local traffic can be issued in a timely manner
Do some military aeronautical ops necessitate non-compliance with certain air traffic procedures ?
YES
How is the safety of flight ops ensured when MIL and CIV traffic interact on a specific occasion?
The appropriate military authorities shall be asked to notify the proper ATSU prior to undertaking any manoeuvres whenever practical
When shall a reduction of separation minima, required by military necessity, be accepted by an ATSU?
When a specific request in some recorded form has been obtained from the authority having jurisdiction over the AC concerned
When a specific request in some recorded form has been obtained from the authority having jurisdiction over AC concerned regarding a reduction of separation minima required by military necessity and this request has been accepted - who shall the agreed lower minima apply to?
Only to AC concerned\from the request/in the agreement
What must an ATSU issue when they accepted a specific request relating to reduced separation minima relating to the military?
They must issue some recorded form of instructions fully covering this reduction of separation minima
What two types of airspace reservation exist?
Stationary and mobile
When may an airspace reservation be established ?
For the use of large formation flights or other military operations
How shall an arrangement for an airspace reservation be accomplished?
It shall be accomplished by coordination between the user and the appropriate ATS authority
What shall an ATSU do on receipt of a notification of an intended flight of unmanned free balloons ?
The ATSU shall arrange for the information to be disseminated to all concerned
What shall the information include that an ATSU disseminates to all concerned parties on unmanned free balloons?
\+ balloon flight ident/project code name \+ balloon classification&description \+ SSR code if applicable \+ the launch site \+ est. time of start/period of ops \+ expected direction of ascent \+ the est. elapsed time to pass 60000ft PA OR to reach cruising level if at/below 60000ft together with est. location
What shall information messages include?
\+ traffic information \+ essential local traffic information \+ met information \+ operation of aerodrome facilities \+ air traffic incident report
What three types of TWY are there?
+ aircraft stand taxilane,
+ apron taxiway,
+ rapid exit taxiway
What types of RWY are there and or what type of operation are they used for?
+ Instrument RWY (NPA and PA ops)
+ Non Instrument RWY (visual approaches)
What are the types of information that can be passed to aerodrome Traffic?
- Essential Local Traffic Information
- Essential Aerodrome Information
- Meteorological Information
When and to who should Essential Aerodrome Information be passed and what are the exceptions?
- Essential Aerodrome Information shall be passed to every AC, except when it is known that the AC has already received all or part of the information from other sources.
- The information shall be passed in sufficient time for the AC to make proper use of it, and the hazards shall be identified as distinctly as possible.
Essential Aerodrome Information on AD conditions shall include information on what?
- Construction or maintenance work on, or immediately adjacent to the movement area.
- Rough or broken surfaces on a RWY, TWY or apron, whether marked or not.
- Snow, slush or ice on a RWY, TWY or apron.
- Water on a RWY, TWY or apron.
- Snow banks or drifts adjacent to a RWY, TWY or apron.
- Other temporary hazards, including parked AC and birds on the ground or in the air.
How is the PCN (Pavement classification number) of a RWY expressed?
Expressed as a five-part code
- Load carrying capacity (numerical value)
- R for Rigid or F for Flexible
- strength from strongest A to D (weakest)
- max. tyre pressure W (unlimited pressure) to Z
- how first value was worked out T=technical evaluation U=usage(physical testing)
How is the ACN (AC classification number) expressed?
+ single unique number expressing relative effect of AC on specific pavement
How is the braking action on a RWY measured?
- The RWY is divided into 3 sections (ABC)
- Section A begins always on the RWY with the lowest RWY number
- The braking action is measured on both sides of the centreline
- The report is always transmitted to the pilot in the direction of landing or departure.
What is to be included when transmitting the braking coefficients to AC?
The time of observation shall be stated, along with the reported figures of the braking coefficients or the estimated braking action in the direction of landing.
How do airport operators intend to prepare RWYs to maintain max. friction for braking and minimise hydroplaning following heavy rain?
The pavement surface is usually grooved so that the surface waterfilm flows into the grooves and the peaks will still be in contact with the tyres
What is a RWY shoulder?
On both sides of the RWY. With some large aircraft the wing-mounted engines may overhang the RWY edge and there is then a risk of jet blast eroding the surface adjacent to the runway. RWY shoulders should be provided unless the RWY width is 60 m or more.
What is a CWY?
+ Rectangular area beginning at the end of the T/O run available and is free of obstacles
+ extends 75m either side of the RWY centerline
+ max. upward gradient 1.25%
+ shall not exceed 50% of TORA
Concerning lighting - what do RWYs licensed for night use have?
+ RWY edge lights
+ RWY threshold and end lights
Concerning lighting - what do RWYs licensed for LVPs have?
+ RWY centreline lighting
+ TDZ lighting
What are the most common RWY markings and what colour are they?
- White
- RWY designator
- RWY centreline
- Threshold
- Fixed distance (aiming point)
- TDZ
- RWY side strip
Why may displaced threshold markings differ?
Can either be a temporarily displaced or permanently displaced threshold.
What are the most common TWY markings and what colour are they?
- Yellow
- TWY centreline
- CAT I holding point
- CAT II/III holding point
- Enhanced TWY centreline
- Intermediate holding position
Describe Mandatory Signs
- White characters on red background
- Located alongside the appropriate surface markings
- Identify the holding position as well as indicate the direction in which the holding instruction applies
- Pilots should not proceed beyond unless directed by ATC
Describe Information Signs
- Location Signs = Yellow characters on black background, with yellow border
- Location signs are used to identify TWYs and where necessary, RWYs, such as at complicated intersections
- Direction and Destination Signs = Black characters on yellow background
- Direction and Destination signs consist of a route or destination label accompanied with an arrow pointing in the appropriate direction.
What colour is RWY edge lighting usually?
White
On ILS equipped RWYs without centreline lighting - what additional edge lighting may exist?
Caution Zone lighting
+ yellow
+ on the upwind 600m or one third of the lighted
When pre-threshold area is available for T/O - what colour do the pre-threshold lights show for approach?
Red
What lights may replace or supplement edge lights at an exit?
RWY Exit Lighting
+ blue
+ one or two omni-directional lights
+ indicate an exit TWY