Mod 1 Antimicrobial basics

Question 1

Beta-lactams

Answer 1

drugs with a beta lactam ring
often taken with beta-lactamase inhibitor drugs

Question 2

Beta-lactams examples

Answer 2

penicillins
cephalosporins
carbapenems
monobactams

Question 3

Beta-lactamase

Answer 3

enzyme produced by some organisms that inactivate drug by breaking beta-lactam ring

Question 4

bacteriostatic vs bacteriocidal drugs

Answer 4

cause bacteria to stop reproducing
vs
kill bacteria
will depend on the type of infxn and immune status of patient

Question 5

cephalosporin mechanism of action

Answer 5

act on cell well

Question 6

aminoglycosides mechanism of action

Answer 6

act on ribosome fxn to stop protein synthesis

Question 7

dose dependent meds

Answer 7

higher doses are more likely to kill pathogen
i.e. fluroquinolones

Question 8

time dependent meds

Answer 8

more effective at lower doses for longer periods of time
i.e. penicillin

Question 9

Directly observed therapy

Answer 9

supervised administration of antimicrobial medications to patients to combat resistance

Question 10

MDRO

Answer 10

multidrug-resistant organisms
examples: MRSA, CRE

Question 11

MRSA

Answer 11

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aeureus

Question 12

CRE

Answer 12

carbapenem-resistent enterobacteriaceae

enterobacteriaceae family includes klebsiella and E. coli

Question 13

HAIs examples

Answer 13

CLABSI Central line-associated bloodstream infx
CAUTI catheter-associated UTI
SSI surgical site infx
VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia

Question 14

empiric therapy

Answer 14

based on experience and clinical presentation

Question 15

definitive therapy

Answer 15

more specific, based on culture and sensitivity results

Question 16

prophylactic

Answer 16

preventive therapy

Question 17

PT

Answer 17

prothrombin time
the time is takes for plasma to clot

Question 18

signs of superinfx

Answer 18

black furry overgrowth on tongue
vaginal itching and discharge
loose foul-smelling stool

Question 19

BUN

Answer 19

blood urine nitorgen

Question 20

vitamin K significance

Answer 20

may be reduced if gut is compromised
needed for clotting
monitor INR
especially w/ warfarin
DIC

Question 21

contraindications with warfarin

Answer 21

reduced vitamin K in patients taking warfarin cal reduce clotting factor
INR should be monitored

Question 22

MIC

Answer 22

minimum inhibitory concentration
(lowest concentration to inihibit growth)

Question 23

MBC

Answer 23

minimum bactericidal concentration
(lowest concentration to kill 99.9% of bacteria)

Question 24

shift to the left

Answer 24

in bad infections
new neutrophils are made because old ones can’t keep up

Question 24

shift to the right

Answer 24

more monocytes and lymphocytes

Question 24

MOA: cell wall disruption

Answer 24

swelling and bursting (PCN, ceph, carbapenems, vanco)

Question 25

MOA: enzyme suppression

Answer 25

needed to sustain bacteria and reproduce (sulfonamides)

Question 26

MOA: protein synthesis disruption

Answer 26

scrambling DNA, effecting reproduction (aminoglycosides, tetracycline)

Question 27

DIC

Answer 27

disseminated intravascular clotting