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Pharm unit 1 > Mod 1 antibiotics > Flashcards

Mod 1 antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

cepahlosporin

structure

A

beta-lactam ring

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2
Q

cepahlosporin

indications

A

skin infx
bone infx
GI infx
otitis media
resp tract infx

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3
Q

cepahlosporin

mechanism of action

A

broad spectrum
bactericidal
act on cell wall

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4
Q

cepahlosporin

administration considerations

A

penicillin allergies
alcohol
coagulability and risk of bleeding
adjust dose for renal impairment
monitor BUN and creatine for nephrotoxicity
can cross BB barrier

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5
Q

cepahlosporin

patient education

A

disulfiram-like reaction when drinking alcohol
monitor for signs of superinfx
can enter breastmilk
seizure d/o

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6
Q

1st gen cepahlosporin

A

cephalexin
cefazolin
lowest activity against gram negative and anaerobes
bacteriostatic

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7
Q

2nd gen cepahlosporin

A

cefprozil
bacteriostatic

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8
Q

3rd gen cepahlosporin

A

ceftriaxone
bactericidal

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9
Q

4th gen cepahlosporin

A

cefepime
bactericidal

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10
Q

5th gen cepahlosporin

A

ceftolozane
highest activity against gram negative and anaerobes
bactericidal

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11
Q

cepahlosporin

interactions

A

anticoagulants

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12
Q

cepahlosporin

SE

A

N/V
epigastric distress
diarrhea

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13
Q

cepahlosporin

AE

A

rash
C-diff
nephrotoxicity (preexisting renal dz)
elevated INR, bleeding risk
hemolytic anemia

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14
Q

cephalosporins effect on CNS

A

can cross BB barrier
monitor for sleepiness, diplopia, projectile vomit

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15
Q

penicillin

routes

A

PO
IV
IM

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16
Q

penicillin

indications

A

strep infx
pneumococcal infx
staph infx

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17
Q

penicillin

mechanism of action

A

interfere with cell wall synthesis

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18
Q

penicillin

administration considerations

A

superinfections (C-diff, yeast)
allergy to cephalosporins
coagulation abnormalities (high doses)
diuretic therapy (because penicillin is high in K)

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19
Q

penicillin

patient education

A

call HCP if
fever or diarrhea (especially bloody, pus, mucus)
signs of superinfx

finish full course
evenly space doses

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20
Q

penicillin V route

A

PO

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21
Q

penicillin IV(4) route

A

IV

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22
Q

Penicillin resistance

A

develops when PCN can’t reach target (through cell wall layers) or by inactivation by penicillinases

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23
Q

Penicillinase-resistant PCNs

A

second-gen PCN
resistent against beta-lactamase
nafcillin
oxacillin
cloxacillin
dicloxacillin

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24
Q

patient education for amoxicillin

A

use an alternative to oral contraceptive

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25
# penicillin (high doses) monitor...
INR, platelets, PT
26
PCNs + beta-lactam inhibitors
Ampicillin + sulbactam = unasyn amoxicillin + clavulanic acid = augmentin ticarcillin + clavulanic acid = timentin pipercillin + tazobactam = zosyn
27
# penicillin structure
beta-lactam ring
28
# penicillin allergy sx
anaphylaxis bronchoconstriction laryngeal edema severe hypotension
29
# penicillin allergy tx
epi respiratory support albuterol anihistamine (benadryl) H2 blocker (ranitidine)
30
# carbapenems Indications
multidrug-resistent infx pseudomonas aeruginosa immunocompromised patients
31
# carbapenems MOA
very broad spectrum gram+ and - bactericidal/static inhibit synthesis of the cell wall
32
# carbapenems administration considerations
cross sensitivity to penicillins and cephalosporins seizure disorder renal dysfxn
33
# carbapenems patient education
signs of superinfx fever and bloody diarrhea side effects can occur after discontinued use
34
# carbapenems generic drug
imipenem
35
# carbapenems route
IV IM
36
# carbapenems structure
beta-lactam ring
37
# monobactams structure
beta-lactam ring
38
# monobactams indications
neisseria H flu p. aeruginosa
39
# monobactams mechanism of action
inhibit cell wall synthesis gram- narrow spectrum
40
# monobactams administration considerations
skin sensitivities coagulation abnormalities beta-lactam allergies (but still given to patients with PCN allergies)
41
# monobactams patient education
signs of superinfx fever and bloody diarrhea allergic response
42
# monobactams generic drug
aztreonam
43
# monobactams routes
IM IV inhalant
44
# monobactams AE
rash N/V/D
45
# sulfonamides indications
prophylaxis UTIs, burns otitis media exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (upper respiratory infx) travelers diarrhea skin, staph infx due to MRSA
46
# sulfonamides MOA
broad spectrum Gram- and + inhibits synthesis of folic acid enzyme suppression (bacteriostatic)
47
# sulfonamides administration considerations
allergic reactions are common, monitor for delayed hypersensitivity reactions platelet counts (long-term therapy)
48
# sulfonamides patient education
complete full course don't skip doses increased photosensitivity (sunscreen) report rash, sore throat, fever, mouth sores, bleeding/bruising
49
# sulfonamides use cautiously with...
cardiac antidysrhythmics oral antidiabetics anticoagulants (warfarin)
50
# sulfonamides monitor...
urine output for cloudiness, crystals glucose levels INR, signs of bleeding
51
# sulfonamides route
orally with 8oz water NOT IM misc. topical routes
52
# sulfonamides safety
discontinue at first sign of rash or adverse reaction
53
# sulfonamides often combined with...
trimethoprim
54
SMZ-TMP
bactrim, septra, or co-trimoxazole | (sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim)
55
# sulfonamides AE
SJS Hematologic effects kernicterus cryalluria N/V fatigue
56
topical sulfonamide
(silvadene) burns small lacerations/incisions
57
# fluoroquinolones indications
pneumonia complicated skin infx UTIs
58
# fluoroquinolones MOA
inhibit DNA replication BUT bacteriocidal towards DNA of cell wall mostly broad spectrum Gram + and -
59
# fluoroquinolones administration considerations
avoid antacid meds full glass of water 2h before/after meals (prevents crysalluria) dose adjustment if renal, hepatic impairment
60
# fluoroquinolones contraindications
myasthenia gravis children EXCEPT for complicated UTIs pylenonephritis plague post anthrax exposure
61
# fluoroquinolones use cautiously with...
history of seizures pregancy
62
# fluoroquinolones routes
oral (allow 2h) IV (500mg or less over 1h, 750mg over 1.5h)
63
# fluoroquinolones patient education
avoid direct sunlight space out doses high fluid intake Ca, Al, Fe, and Zn inhibit absorption
64
# fluoroquinolones monitor for
GI upset hypersensitivty photosensitivity hypoglycemia C-diff peripheral neuropathy fainting, decreased HR tendon pain jaundic rash mood changes
65
# fluoroquinolones generic drug
levofloxacin
66
# fluoroquinolones AE
tendon rupture (mostly in the elderly) seizure or lower threshold nervous system effects and peripheral neuropathy prolong QT interval
67
# fluoroquinolones food interactions
Al, Mg antacids Fe, Zn salts sucralfate Ca
68
# fluoroquinolones suffix
-acin
69
# macrolides indications
resp infx otitis media pelvic inflammatory injections chlamydia alternative for PCN and ceph allergies
70
# macrolides MOA
broad-spectrum gram+ and gram- inhibit RNA synthesis suppress reproduction bacteriostatic
71
# macrolides administration considerations
impact liver fxn may prolong QT interval (monitor for dysrhythmias)
72
# macrolides patient education
take with food avoid excessive sunlight and SPF report adverse effects
73
# macrolides generic name
erythromycin azithromycin -omycin
74
# macrolides routes
PO IV: 500mg over 1h NEVER IM
75
# macrolides SE/AE
hypersensitivity photosensitivity drowsiness liver toxicity cardiac arrhythmias
76
# macrolides discontinue if
QT prolonged/dysrhythmias liver damage of jaundice onset/worsening MG
77
# macrolides monitor..
INR in patients taking warfarin
78
# aminoglycosides indicatons
strep endocarditis second line for TB infx caused by pseudomonas ## Footnote neomycin: lowers ammonia levels in hepatic encephalopathy bowel prep for procedures
79
# aminoglycosides mechanism of action
bactericidal broad spectrum inhibit protein synth in cell wall synergistic with beta-lactams
80
# aminoglycosides administration considerations
narrow therapeutic index: titration handle with gloves
81
# aminoglycosides monitor...
urine output BUN creatine declining GFR signs of neuro damage (PN) hearing loss/changes
82
# aminoglycosides patient education
high fluid intake notify provider if breastfeeding
83
# aminoglycosides generic drug
streptomycin gentamycin
84
# aminoglycosides routes
IM: large muscle, obtain blood while titrating
85
# aminoglycosides SE
GI upset rash diarrhea (report immediately)
86
# aminoglycosides contraindications
anesthesia/muscle relaxant (may cause respiratory paralysis) loop diuretic (risk for ototoxicity)
87
# aminoglycosides AE
nephrotoxicity* ototoxicity ## Footnote *especially in patients with Lupis or Diabetes
88
# aminoglycosides amikacin
used as a last resort when there is no response to other aminoglycosides
89
# aminoglycosides neomycin
watch for rash the most toxic neosporin external skin d/o
90
# tetracyclines indications
rickettsia diseases chlamydia brucellosis cholera mycoplasm H. pylori Lyme dz anthrax | (weird bugs)
91
# tetracyclines MOA
broad-spectrum gram + and - penetrate wall and bind to ribosome inhibit protein synthesis of cell wall
92
# tetracyclines contraindications
pregnancy children under 8yo breastfeeding
93
# tetracyclines Se
photosens GI sx
94
# tetracyclines patient education
sun protection discoloration of teeth in children avoid dairy products oral contraceptive effectiveness expired tetracycline is toxic
95
# tetracyclines administration considerations
full glass of water on empty stomach 1h before meals and 2h after 1h before sleep (espophageal irritation/ulcer) renal, hepatic impairment
96
# tetracyclines Monitor for
signs of intracranial hyptn headache blurred vision diplopia vision loss
97
# tetracyclines STOP | (mnemonic)
S= sunlight sensitivity T= take w/ full glass of water O= nO antacids, Fe, Ca P= put drug into empty stomach
98
# nitroimidazole indications
H. pylori ulcers anaerobic bacterial infx protozoal infx
99
# nitroimidazole generic drug
metronidazole
100
# nitroimidazole patient education
no alcohol full course report GI sx
101
# nitroimidazole MOA
bactericidal disrupt DNA, inhibit protein synthesis of cell wall
102
# nitroimidazole SE
GI effects metallic taste
103
# nitroimidazole AE
seizures peripheral and optic neuropathy
104
# glycopeptides generic drug
vancomycin
105
# glycopeptides indications | (vancomycin)
serious infx that can't be treated by other antibx infx caused by MRSA staph epidermitis pseudomembranous colitis* ## Footnote *d/t E. coli or S. enterocolitis
106
# glycopeptides MOA
gram+ inhibit cell wall synthesis
107
# glycopeptides administration considerations
poor GI absorption must be given IV
108
vancomycin routes
PO: treat C-diff IV: monitor peak/trough
109
# glycopeptides AE | (vancomycin)
nephr/ototoxicity thrombophlebitis allergy red man syndrome
110
# nitrofuran indications
uncomplicated UTI* caused by E. coli or S. saprophytricus ## Footnote *only lower urinary tract
111
# nitrofuran contraindications
renal impairment
112
# nitrofuran administration considerations
take with food to increase absorption and reduce nausea
113
# nitrofuran SE
GI effects, brown discoloration of urine
114
# nitrofuran AE
pulmonary fibrosis, neuropathy
115
# Lincosamide generic drug
clindamycin
116
# Lincosamide indications
streptococcal pneumonococcal staphylococcal anaerobic infx ## Footnote and for patients allergic to PCN
117
# lincosamide SE
GI effects and itching
117
# lincosamide AE | (clindamycin)
pseudomembranous colitis N/V/D C.diff* ## Footnote *clindamycin has the strongets link to C. diff

Pharm unit 1 (10 decks)

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