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Pharm unit 1 > Mod 1 antibiotics > Flashcards

Mod 1 antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

cepahlosporin

structure

A

beta-lactam ring

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2
Q

cepahlosporin

indications

A

skin infx
bone infx
GI infx
otitis media
resp tract infx

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3
Q

cepahlosporin

mechanism of action

A

broad spectrum
bactericidal
act on cell wall

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4
Q

cepahlosporin

administration considerations

A

penicillin allergies
alcohol
coagulability and risk of bleeding
adjust dose for renal impairment
monitor BUN and creatine for nephrotoxicity
can cross BB barrier

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5
Q

cepahlosporin

patient education

A

disulfiram-like reaction when drinking alcohol
monitor for signs of superinfx
can enter breastmilk
seizure d/o

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6
Q

1st gen cepahlosporin

A

cephalexin
cefazolin
lowest activity against gram negative and anaerobes
bacteriostatic

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7
Q

2nd gen cepahlosporin

A

cefprozil
bacteriostatic

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8
Q

3rd gen cepahlosporin

A

ceftriaxone
bactericidal

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9
Q

4th gen cepahlosporin

A

cefepime
bactericidal

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10
Q

5th gen cepahlosporin

A

ceftolozane
highest activity against gram negative and anaerobes
bactericidal

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11
Q

cepahlosporin

interactions

A

anticoagulants

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12
Q

cepahlosporin

SE

A

N/V
epigastric distress
diarrhea

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13
Q

cepahlosporin

AE

A

rash
C-diff
nephrotoxicity (preexisting renal dz)
elevated INR, bleeding risk
hemolytic anemia

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14
Q

cephalosporins effect on CNS

A

can cross BB barrier
monitor for sleepiness, diplopia, projectile vomit

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15
Q

penicillin

routes

A

PO
IV
IM

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16
Q

penicillin

indications

A

strep infx
pneumococcal infx
staph infx

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17
Q

penicillin

mechanism of action

A

interfere with cell wall synthesis

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18
Q

penicillin

administration considerations

A

superinfections (C-diff, yeast)
allergy to cephalosporins
coagulation abnormalities (high doses)
diuretic therapy (because penicillin is high in K)

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19
Q

penicillin

patient education

A

call HCP if
fever or diarrhea (especially bloody, pus, mucus)
signs of superinfx

finish full course
evenly space doses

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20
Q

penicillin V route

A

PO

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21
Q

penicillin IV(4) route

A

IV

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22
Q

Penicillin resistance

A

develops when PCN can’t reach target (through cell wall layers) or by inactivation by penicillinases

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23
Q

Penicillinase-resistant PCNs

A

second-gen PCN
resistent against beta-lactamase
nafcillin
oxacillin
cloxacillin
dicloxacillin

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24
Q

patient education for amoxicillin

A

use an alternative to oral contraceptive

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25
Q

penicillin (high doses)

monitor…

A

INR, platelets, PT

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26
Q

PCNs + beta-lactam inhibitors

A

Ampicillin + sulbactam = unasyn
amoxicillin + clavulanic acid = augmentin
ticarcillin + clavulanic acid = timentin
pipercillin + tazobactam = zosyn

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27
Q

penicillin

structure

A

beta-lactam ring

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28
Q

penicillin

allergy sx

A

anaphylaxis
bronchoconstriction
laryngeal edema
severe hypotension

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29
Q

penicillin

allergy tx

A

epi
respiratory support
albuterol
anihistamine (benadryl)
H2 blocker (ranitidine)

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30
Q

carbapenems

Indications

A

multidrug-resistent infx
pseudomonas aeruginosa
immunocompromised patients

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31
Q

carbapenems

MOA

A

very broad spectrum
gram+ and -
bactericidal/static
inhibit synthesis of the cell wall

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32
Q

carbapenems

administration considerations

A

cross sensitivity to penicillins and cephalosporins
seizure disorder
renal dysfxn

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33
Q

carbapenems

patient education

A

signs of superinfx
fever and bloody diarrhea
side effects can occur after discontinued use

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34
Q

carbapenems

generic drug

A

imipenem

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35
Q

carbapenems

route

A

IV
IM

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36
Q

carbapenems

structure

A

beta-lactam ring

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37
Q

monobactams

structure

A

beta-lactam ring

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38
Q

monobactams

indications

A

neisseria
H flu
p. aeruginosa

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39
Q

monobactams

mechanism of action

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis
gram-
narrow spectrum

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40
Q

monobactams

administration considerations

A

skin sensitivities
coagulation abnormalities
beta-lactam allergies
(but still given to patients with PCN allergies)

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41
Q

monobactams

patient education

A

signs of superinfx
fever and bloody diarrhea
allergic response

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42
Q

monobactams

generic drug

A

aztreonam

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43
Q

monobactams

routes

A

IM
IV
inhalant

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44
Q

monobactams

AE

A

rash
N/V/D

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45
Q

sulfonamides

indications

A

prophylaxis
UTIs, burns
otitis media
exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (upper respiratory infx)
travelers diarrhea
skin, staph infx due to MRSA

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46
Q

sulfonamides

MOA

A

broad spectrum
Gram- and +
inhibits synthesis of folic acid
enzyme suppression
(bacteriostatic)

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47
Q

sulfonamides

administration considerations

A

allergic reactions are common, monitor for delayed hypersensitivity reactions
platelet counts (long-term therapy)

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48
Q

sulfonamides

patient education

A

complete full course
don’t skip doses
increased photosensitivity (sunscreen)
report rash, sore throat, fever, mouth sores, bleeding/bruising

49
Q

sulfonamides

use cautiously with…

A

cardiac antidysrhythmics
oral antidiabetics
anticoagulants (warfarin)

50
Q

sulfonamides

monitor…

A

urine output for cloudiness, crystals
glucose levels
INR, signs of bleeding

51
Q

sulfonamides

route

A

orally with 8oz water
NOT IM
misc. topical routes

52
Q

sulfonamides

safety

A

discontinue at first sign of rash or adverse reaction

53
Q

sulfonamides

often combined with…

A

trimethoprim

54
Q

SMZ-TMP

A

bactrim, septra, or co-trimoxazole

(sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim)

55
Q

sulfonamides

AE

A

SJS
Hematologic effects
kernicterus
cryalluria
N/V
fatigue

56
Q

topical sulfonamide

A

(silvadene)
burns
small lacerations/incisions

57
Q

fluoroquinolones

indications

A

pneumonia
complicated skin infx
UTIs

58
Q

fluoroquinolones

MOA

A

inhibit DNA replication
BUT bacteriocidal towards DNA of cell wall
mostly broad spectrum
Gram + and -

59
Q

fluoroquinolones

administration considerations

A

avoid antacid meds
full glass of water 2h before/after meals (prevents crysalluria)
dose adjustment if renal, hepatic impairment

60
Q

fluoroquinolones

contraindications

A

myasthenia gravis
children EXCEPT for
complicated UTIs
pylenonephritis
plague
post anthrax exposure

61
Q

fluoroquinolones

use cautiously with…

A

history of seizures
pregancy

62
Q

fluoroquinolones

routes

A

oral (allow 2h)
IV (500mg or less over 1h, 750mg over 1.5h)

63
Q

fluoroquinolones

patient education

A

avoid direct sunlight
space out doses
high fluid intake
Ca, Al, Fe, and Zn inhibit absorption

64
Q

fluoroquinolones

monitor for

A

GI upset
hypersensitivty
photosensitivity
hypoglycemia
C-diff
peripheral neuropathy
fainting, decreased HR
tendon pain
jaundic
rash
mood changes

65
Q

fluoroquinolones

generic drug

A

levofloxacin

66
Q

fluoroquinolones

AE

A

tendon rupture (mostly in the elderly)
seizure or lower threshold
nervous system effects and peripheral neuropathy
prolong QT interval

67
Q

fluoroquinolones

food interactions

A

Al, Mg antacids
Fe, Zn salts
sucralfate
Ca

68
Q

fluoroquinolones

suffix

A

-acin

69
Q

macrolides

indications

A

resp infx
otitis media
pelvic inflammatory injections
chlamydia
alternative for PCN and ceph allergies

70
Q

macrolides

MOA

A

broad-spectrum
gram+ and gram-
inhibit RNA synthesis
suppress reproduction
bacteriostatic

71
Q

macrolides

administration considerations

A

impact liver fxn
may prolong QT interval (monitor for dysrhythmias)

72
Q

macrolides

patient education

A

take with food
avoid excessive sunlight and SPF
report adverse effects

73
Q

macrolides

generic name

A

erythromycin
azithromycin
-omycin

74
Q

macrolides

routes

A

PO
IV: 500mg over 1h
NEVER IM

75
Q

macrolides

SE/AE

A

hypersensitivity
photosensitivity
drowsiness
liver toxicity
cardiac arrhythmias

76
Q

macrolides

discontinue if

A

QT prolonged/dysrhythmias
liver damage of jaundice
onset/worsening MG

77
Q

macrolides

monitor..

A

INR in patients taking warfarin

78
Q

aminoglycosides

indicatons

A

strep endocarditis
second line for TB
infx caused by pseudomonas

neomycin: lowers ammonia levels in hepatic encephalopathy
bowel prep for procedures

79
Q

aminoglycosides

mechanism of action

A

bactericidal
broad spectrum
inhibit protein synth in cell wall
synergistic with beta-lactams

80
Q

aminoglycosides

administration considerations

A

narrow therapeutic index: titration
handle with gloves

81
Q

aminoglycosides

monitor…

A

urine output
BUN
creatine
declining GFR
signs of neuro damage (PN)
hearing loss/changes

82
Q

aminoglycosides

patient education

A

high fluid intake
notify provider if breastfeeding

83
Q

aminoglycosides

generic drug

A

streptomycin
gentamycin

84
Q

aminoglycosides

routes

A

IM: large muscle, obtain blood while titrating

85
Q

aminoglycosides

SE

A

GI upset
rash
diarrhea (report immediately)

86
Q

aminoglycosides

contraindications

A

anesthesia/muscle relaxant (may cause respiratory paralysis)
loop diuretic (risk for ototoxicity)

87
Q

aminoglycosides

AE

A

nephrotoxicity*
ototoxicity

*especially in patients with Lupis or Diabetes

88
Q

aminoglycosides

amikacin

A

used as a last resort when there is no response to other aminoglycosides

89
Q

aminoglycosides

neomycin

A

watch for rash
the most toxic
neosporin
external skin d/o

90
Q

tetracyclines

indications

A

rickettsia diseases
chlamydia
brucellosis
cholera
mycoplasm
H. pylori
Lyme dz
anthrax

(weird bugs)

91
Q

tetracyclines

MOA

A

broad-spectrum
gram + and -
penetrate wall and bind to ribosome
inhibit protein synthesis of cell wall

92
Q

tetracyclines

contraindications

A

pregnancy
children under 8yo
breastfeeding

93
Q

tetracyclines

Se

A

photosens
GI sx

94
Q

tetracyclines

patient education

A

sun protection
discoloration of teeth in children
avoid dairy products
oral contraceptive effectiveness
expired tetracycline is toxic

95
Q

tetracyclines

administration considerations

A

full glass of water on empty stomach
1h before meals and 2h after
1h before sleep (espophageal irritation/ulcer)
renal, hepatic impairment

96
Q

tetracyclines

Monitor for

A

signs of intracranial hyptn
headache
blurred vision
diplopia
vision loss

97
Q

tetracyclines

STOP

(mnemonic)

A

S= sunlight sensitivity
T= take w/ full glass of water
O= nO antacids, Fe, Ca
P= put drug into empty stomach

98
Q

nitroimidazole

indications

A

H. pylori ulcers
anaerobic bacterial infx
protozoal infx

99
Q

nitroimidazole

generic drug

A

metronidazole

100
Q

nitroimidazole

patient education

A

no alcohol
full course
report GI sx

101
Q

nitroimidazole

MOA

A

bactericidal
disrupt DNA, inhibit protein synthesis of cell wall

102
Q

nitroimidazole

SE

A

GI effects
metallic taste

103
Q

nitroimidazole

AE

A

seizures
peripheral and optic neuropathy

104
Q

glycopeptides

generic drug

A

vancomycin

105
Q

glycopeptides

indications

(vancomycin)

A

serious infx that can’t be treated by other antibx
infx caused by MRSA
staph epidermitis
pseudomembranous colitis*

*d/t E. coli or S. enterocolitis

106
Q

glycopeptides

MOA

A

gram+
inhibit cell wall synthesis

107
Q

glycopeptides

administration considerations

A

poor GI absorption
must be given IV

108
Q

vancomycin routes

A

PO: treat C-diff
IV: monitor peak/trough

109
Q

glycopeptides

AE

(vancomycin)

A

nephr/ototoxicity
thrombophlebitis
allergy
red man syndrome

110
Q

nitrofuran

indications

A

uncomplicated UTI* caused by E. coli or S. saprophytricus

*only lower urinary tract

111
Q

nitrofuran

contraindications

A

renal impairment

112
Q

nitrofuran

administration considerations

A

take with food to increase absorption and reduce nausea

113
Q

nitrofuran

SE

A

GI effects, brown discoloration of urine

114
Q

nitrofuran

AE

A

pulmonary fibrosis, neuropathy

115
Q

Lincosamide

generic drug

A

clindamycin

116
Q

Lincosamide

indications

A

streptococcal
pneumonococcal
staphylococcal
anaerobic infx

and for patients allergic to PCN

117
Q

lincosamide

SE

A

GI effects and itching

117
Q

lincosamide

AE

(clindamycin)

A

pseudomembranous colitis
N/V/D
C.diff*

*clindamycin has the strongets link to C. diff

Pharm unit 1 (10 decks)

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