MO BOOK 13- RC 124. The Wrong Way to Stop Fake Drugs Flashcards
counterfeit /ˈkaʊntərˌfɪt/
IN 2007-8, when counterfeit versions of heparin, a blood-thinning drug, were shipped from China to the United States market, 149 people died.
heparin /ˈhɛpərɪn/
IN 2007-8, when counterfeit versions of heparin, a blood-thinning drug, were shipped from China to the United States market, 149 people died.
bogus /ˈboʊɡəs/
In the last few months, bogus versions of the cancer drug Avastin, apparently shipped from the Middle East, have surfaced in clinics in California, Illinois and Texas.
surface /ˈsɜrfəs/
In the last few months, bogus versions of the cancer drug Avastin, apparently shipped from the Middle East, have surfaced in clinics in California, Illinois and Texas.
go unreported
Numerous incidents surely go unreported, the evidence swallowed, the deaths incorrectly attributed to natural causes.
incorrectly /ˌɪnkəˈrekli/
Numerous incidents surely go unreported, the evidence swallowed, the deaths incorrectly attributed to natural causes.
attribute to /əˈtrɪˌbjut/
Numerous incidents surely go unreported, the evidence swallowed, the deaths incorrectly attributed to natural causes.
menace /ˈmenəs/
Fighting the fake-drug menace is like playing whack-a-mole.
whack-a-mole
Fighting the fake-drug menace is like playing whack-a-mole.
no sooner… than /ˈsunər/
And yet no sooner does the F.D.A. shut down one dubious online pharmacy than another pops up.
dubious /ˈdubiəs/
And yet no sooner does the F.D.A. shut down one dubious online pharmacy than another pops up.
pop up /pɑp/
And yet no sooner does the F.D.A. shut down one dubious online pharmacy than another pops up.
comply /kəmˈplaɪ/
According to the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, only 3 percent of the 9,600 online pharmacies it has reviewed complied with industry standards.
based /beɪs/
Many were based overseas, so their sales to Americans were illegal; others did not require doctors’ prescriptions.
outlaw /ˈaʊtˌlɔ/
And yet, the answer is not to outlaw this business entirely.
uninsured /ˌʌnɪnˈʃʊrd/
For the millions of Americans who are uninsured or underinsured, buying from international, credentialed online pharmacies could provide access to the medicines they need at a price they can afford.
underinsured /ˌʌndərɪnˈʃʊrd/
For the millions of Americans who are uninsured or underinsured, buying from international, credentialed online pharmacies could provide access to the medicines they need at a price they can afford.
credentialed /krəˈdenʃld/
For the millions of Americans who are uninsured or underinsured, buying from international, credentialed online pharmacies could provide access to the medicines they need at a price they can afford.
substantial /səbˈstænʃ(ə)l/
The online market for drugs is already substantial, with probably more than a million Americans regularly participating.
legality /liˈɡæləti/
But it is growing slowly because of concern about drug safety and, of course, legality.
grant /ɡrænt/
While the F.D.A. does not prosecute individual consumers whose purchases present no threat to themselves or the public and grants some waivers to those buying less than three months’ supply of a drug from abroad, most are still technically considered criminals.
waiver /ˈweɪvər/
While the F.D.A. does not prosecute individual consumers whose purchases present no threat to themselves or the public and grants some waivers to those buying less than three months’ supply of a drug from abroad, most are still technically considered criminals.
procure /prəˈkjʊr/
In a recent National Bureau of Economic Research paper, I assessed the quality and price of drugs procured through Internet pharmacies.
in all or all told /ɔl/
As expected, I found several foreign sites that sold fake drugs. But of the international Web pharmacies certified by the Canadian International Pharmacy Association or PharmacyChecker.com — 23 in all, with 211 drugs sampled — all passed quality-control tests.
Russian roulette
Careless buyers play Russian roulette, but those who look for credentialed sites can purchase safe drugs at a significant discount.
play Russian roulette with something
Careless buyers play Russian roulette, but those who look for credentialed sites can purchase safe drugs at a significant discount.
co-pay
Buying drugs online from overseas isn’t for everyone. It should remain a limited option for desperate cash buyers — sick people with limited resources and insurance coverage — not a way for well-insured patients to reduce their co-pay.
reimburse /ˌriɪmˈbɜrs/
American health insurance companies should not be required to reimburse consumers for these drugs, because that would effectively import foreign governments’ price controls into the United States and undermine American companies’ research and development budgets.
slip through
And no doubt some bad drugs will slip through, which will probably stop the F.D.A. from backing the idea.
leak into /lik/
But as the problems with heparin and Avastin show, fake drugs leak into the United States already.
set foot in/on /fʊt/
The Internet is not the problem; the problem is that United States law cannot reach many of the criminals who perpetrate the frauds because most never set foot in America. We can do something about that.
transit /ˈtrænsɪt/
These criminal networks flourish across Southeast Asia, Latin America and the Middle East. Turkey and the Caribbean act as major transit points, and countries like Panama launder the billions in profit.
treaty /ˈtriti/
A global treaty against fake drugs (and the financing to enforce it) could work to eliminate these safe havens and ensure that the perpetrators of fraud have nowhere to hide.
safe haven
A global treaty against fake drugs (and the financing to enforce it) could work to eliminate these safe havens and ensure that the perpetrators of fraud have nowhere to hide.
ensure /ɪnˈʃʊr/
A global treaty against fake drugs (and the financing to enforce it) could work to eliminate these safe havens and ensure that the perpetrators of fraud have nowhere to hide.
narcotic /nɑrˈkɑtɪk/
We have treaties against fake currency and the narcotics trade, but as the medical journal The Lancet recently noted, we do not have one for fake drugs.
stamp out
Developing such a treaty — the World Health Organization is the obvious place to start — will take time, but it is the only way to begin to stamp out the international fake drug trade.
forthcoming /fɔrθˈkʌmɪŋ/
Roger Bate, a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, is the author of the forthcoming book “Phake: The Deadly World of Falsified and Substandard Medicines.”
falasify /ˈfɔlsɪˌfaɪ/
Roger Bate, a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, is the author of the forthcoming book “Phake: The Deadly World of Falsified and Substandard Medicines.”
substandard /ˌsʌbˈstændərd/
Roger Bate, a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, is the author of the forthcoming book “Phake: The Deadly World of Falsified and Substandard Medicines.”
counterfeit /ˈkaʊntərˌfɪt/
adj. -counterfeit money, products, tickets, etc. are illegal copies made in order to trick people
- (of money and goods for sale) made to look exactly like something in order to trick people into thinking that they are getting the real thing
heparin /ˈhɛpərɪn/
n. a polysaccharide, containing sulphate groups, present in most body tissues: an anticoagulant used in the treatment of thrombosis
bogus /ˈboʊɡəs/
adj. not real, although pretending to be real
surface /ˈsɜrfəs/
v. def1. [intransitive] to become known or obvious after being hidden
go unreported
보고되지 않다.
incorrectly /ˌɪnkəˈrekli/
adv. incorrect /ˌɪnkəˈrekt/ adj. wrong, or not accurate or true
attribute to /əˈtrɪˌbjut/
phrasal verb [transitive] def1. attribute something to someone/something to believe that something is the result of a particular situation, event, or person’s actions
menace /ˈmenəs/
n. def1. [countable] someone or something that is dangerous and likely to cause harm
whack-a-mole
n. [uncountable] def1. (idiomatic) The practice of trying to stop something that persistently occurs in an apparently random manner at the point where the occurrence is noticed, such as terminating spammers’ e-mail accounts or closing pop-up advertisement windows.
no sooner… than /ˈsunər/
used for saying that something happens immediately after something else
dubious /ˈdubiəs/
adj. def1. not sure about the truth or quality of something, or whether you should do something
pop up /pɑp/
phrasal verb [intransitive] def1. to appear very quickly or suddenly
comply /kəmˈplaɪ/
v. [intransitive] to obey a rule or law, or to do what someone asks you to do comply with
based /beɪs/
v. [often passive] if you are based somewhere, you have it as your main office or place of work, or the place where you live
outlaw /ˈaʊtˌlɔ/
v. [transitive] to make something illegal
uninsured /ˌʌnɪnˈʃʊrd/
adj. not having insurance; not covered by insurance
underinsured /ˌʌndərɪnˈʃʊrd/
adj. not having enough insurance protection
credentialed /krəˈdenʃld/
adj. AMERICAN having the qualifications that show you are trained or suitable for a job
substantial /səbˈstænʃ(ə)l/
adj. def1. large in amount or degree
legality /liˈɡæləti/
n. [uncountable] the fact that something is legal
grant /ɡrænt/
v. [transitive] def1. Formal to allow someone to have or do what they want
waiver /ˈweɪvər/
n. [countable] an official statement or document that says a right, claim, or law can be officially ignored or given up
procure /prəˈkjʊr/
v. Formal def1. [transitive] to obtain something, especially with effort or difficulty
in all or all told /ɔl/
when the whole amount or number is included
Russian roulette
n. [uncountable] a game in which people shoot themselves with a gun that can hold six bullets but has only one in it, so that they do not know if they will be killed
play Russian roulette with something
phrase MAINLY JOURNALISM to put something in great danger by behaving carelessly
co-pay
*본인부담금
reimburse /ˌriɪmˈbɜrs/
v. [transitive] to give someone the same amount of money that they have spent, for example on something connected with their work
slip through
if something or somebody slips through or slips through a system, etc., a person or a system fails to find and deal with it/them
leak into /lik/
*들어오고 있다.
set foot in/on /fʊt/
- to go to a place, especially when there is something special or unusual about you doing this
- to enter or visit a place.
transit /ˈtrænsɪt/
n. [uncountable] -def1. the activity or process of moving someone or something from one place to another
- def1. [uncountable] the process of being moved or carried from one place to another
treaty /ˈtriti/
n. [countable] an official written agreement between two or more countries. When national leaders negotiate a treaty, they discuss it before reaching agreement; and when they ratify a treaty, they give it their formal approval, usually by signing it or voting for it
safe haven
n. -def1. [countable] a safe area
- a place where someone can go to be safe from danger or attack
ensure /ɪnˈʃʊr/
v. [transitive] to make certain that something happens or is done
narcotic /nɑrˈkɑtɪk/
n. [countable] def1. medical a drug that people use when they are very sick in order to feel less pain and sleep better
stamp out
phrasal verb [transitive] def1. to end something bad or unpleasant by taking strong and determined action
forthcoming /fɔrθˈkʌmɪŋ/
adj. def1. [only before noun] happening or coming soon
falasify /ˈfɔlsɪˌfaɪ/
v. [transitive] to change something deliberately in order to trick people
substandard /ˌsʌbˈstændərd/
adj. not as good as you would normally expect, or not good enough to be accepted