MO BOOK 13- RC 122. Life after death

Question 1

for all

Answer 1

FOR all the National Health Service’s hard work to boost organ donation, around 1,000 people die each year for lack of a transplant.

Question 2

hypertension /ˌhaɪpərˈtenʃ(ə)n/

Answer 2

The active waiting list numbers more than 7,600, and 10,000 may be a fairer reflection of need. As hypertension, obesity and the miracles of modern medicine proliferate, that gap is likely to increase—unless donation rates rise dramatically.

Question 3

proliferate /prəˈlɪfəˌreɪt/

Answer 3

The active waiting list numbers more than 7,600, and 10,000 may be a fairer reflection of need. As hypertension, obesity and the miracles of modern medicine proliferate, that gap is likely to increase—unless donation rates rise dramatically.

Question 4

deceased /dɪˈsist/

Answer 4

Deceased donors are twice as numerous in Spain as in Britain, per million people (see chart).

Question 5

numerous /ˈnumərəs/

Answer 5

Deceased donors are twice as numerous in Spain as in Britain, per million people (see chart).

Question 6

Britain /ˈbrɪt(ə)n/

Answer 6

Deceased donors are twice as numerous in Spain as in Britain, per million people (see chart).

Question 7

part /pɑrt/

Answer 7

Deceased donors are twice as numerous in Spain as in Britain, per million people (see chart). Even the EU average is higher. (Britain does better when living donors are included, but dead ones are more useful because they can part with a wider range of organs.) Why the difference?

Question 8

opt in or opt into

Answer 8

For many the answer lies in Britain’s “opt-in” regime of informed consent.

Question 9

regime /reɪˈʒim/

Answer 9

For many the answer lies in Britain’s “opt-in” regime of informed consent.

Question 10

informed /ɪnˈfɔrmd/

Answer 10

For many the answer lies in Britain’s “opt-in” regime of informed consent.

Question 11

consent /kənˈsent/

Answer 11

For many the answer lies in Britain’s “opt-in” regime of informed consent.

Question 12

donor /ˈdoʊnər/

Answer 12

A potential donor has to signal his intent by enrolling on an official Organ Donor Register.

Question 13

intent /ɪnˈtent/

Answer 13

A potential donor has to signal his intent by enrolling on an official Organ Donor Register.

Question 14

Briton /ˈbrɪt(ə)n/

Answer 14

Though 90% of Britons say they approve of donation, only 30% have signed up.

Question 15

approve /əˈpruv/

Answer 15

Though 90% of Britons say they approve of donation, only 30% have signed up.

Question 16

instead /ɪnˈsted/

Answer 16

Spain, and most EU members, have instead embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he expressly “opts out”.

Question 17

embrace /ɪmˈbreɪs/

Answer 17

Spain, and most EU members, have instead embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he expressly “opts out”.

Question 18

persumed /prɪˈzum/

Answer 18

Spain, and most EU members, have instead embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he expressly “opts out”.

Question 19

expressly/ɪkˈspresli/

Answer 19

Spain, and most EU members, have instead embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he expressly “opts out”.

Question 20

opt out

Answer 20

Spain, and most EU members, have instead embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he expressly “opts out”.

Question 21

devolve /dɪˈvɑlv/

Answer 21

This week the British Medical Association (BMA), which represents doctors, urged switching systems. The devolved Welsh legislature intends to pass a law this year doing just that.

Question 22

Welsh /wɛlʃ/

Answer 22

This week the British Medical Association (BMA), which represents doctors, urged switching systems. The devolved Welsh legislature intends to pass a law this year doing just that.

Question 23

legislature /ˈledʒɪˌsleɪtʃər/

Answer 23

This week the British Medical Association (BMA), which represents doctors, urged switching systems. The devolved Welsh legislature intends to pass a law this year doing just that.

Question 24

sceptic /ˈskeptɪk/

Answer 24

Not everyone is convinced this would increase donations. Among the sceptics is John Fabre of King’s College, London.

Question 25

lead the league

Answer 25

Spain has an opt-out system and leads the league with around 32 deceased donors per million; so does Greece, and it lurks near the bottom with four.

Question 26

lurk /lɜrk/

Answer 26

Spain has an opt-out system and leads the league with around 32 deceased donors per million; so does Greece, and it lurks near the bottom with four.

Question 27

superbly /suˈpɜrbli/

Answer 27

Spain succeeds by managing the medical requirements of organ donation superbly and selling it emotionally to the public.

Question 28

sell /sel/

Answer 28

Spain succeeds by managing the medical requirements of organ donation superbly and selling it emotionally to the public.

Question 29

task force

Answer 29

A task force which examined the matter in Britain in 2008 concluded that the number of deceased organ donors could be increased 50% by 2013 mainly through better donor identification and referral and more efficient organ retrieval, and that these should be tried first.

Question 30

referral /rɪˈfɜrəl/

Answer 30

A task force which examined the matter in Britain in 2008 concluded that the number of deceased organ donors could be increased 50% by 2013 mainly through better donor identification and referral and more efficient organ retrieval, and that these should be tried first.

Question 31

retrieval /rɪˈtriv(ə)l/

Answer 31

A task force which examined the matter in Britain in 2008 concluded that the number of deceased organ donors could be increased 50% by 2013 mainly through better donor identification and referral and more efficient organ retrieval, and that these should be tried first.

Question 32

diabetic /ˌdaɪəˈbetɪk/

Answer 32

But the final push will be harder. A specific difficulty is that brown and black Britons, though more likely than whites to require transplants (often of kidneys because they are diabetic), are far less likely to sign up for organ donation, or to consent to it when a family member is dying.

Question 33

controversial /ˌkɑntrəˈvɜrʃ(ə)l/

Answer 33

So the BMA thinks more controversial measures should be debated. These include taking hearts from dead newborns, using organs from higher-risk donors and putting dying patients on a ventilator to retrieve organs later.

Question 34

ventilator /ˈvent(ə)lˌeɪtər/

Answer 34

So the BMA thinks more controversial measures should be debated. These include taking hearts from dead newborns, using organs from higher-risk donors and putting dying patients on a ventilator to retrieve organs later.

Question 35

retrieve /rɪˈtriv/

Answer 35

So the BMA thinks more controversial measures should be debated. These include taking hearts from dead newborns, using organs from higher-risk donors and putting dying patients on a ventilator to retrieve organs later.

Question 36

do the job

Answer 36

A sustained public-information campaign, plus an expansion of medical specialists and intensive-care capacity, might do the job while raising fewer hackles.

Question 37

raise hackles /ˈhæk(ə)lz/

Answer 37

A sustained public-information campaign, plus an expansion of medical specialists and intensive-care capacity, might do the job while raising fewer hackles.

Question 38

for all

Answer 38

def1. in spite of something

Question 39

hypertension /ˌhaɪpərˈtenʃ(ə)n/

Answer 39

a condition in which your blood pressure is extremely high

Question 40

proliferate /prəˈlɪfəˌreɪt/

Answer 40

to quickly increase in number or amount

Question 41

deceased /dɪˈsist/

Answer 41

def1. dead

Question 42

numerous /ˈnumərəs/

Answer 42

existing in large numbers

Question 43

Britain /ˈbrɪt(ə)n/

Answer 43

England, Scotland, and Wales

Question 44

part /pɑrt/

Answer 44

def1. [intransitive/transitive] to move away from someone or something and leave a space, or to move two things or two sections of a single unit away from each other so that there is a space between them

Question 45

opt in or opt into

Answer 45

to decide that you want to do something or be involved in something

Question 46

regime /reɪˈʒim/

Answer 46

def2. a system of rules that control something

Question 47

informed /ɪnˈfɔrmd/

Answer 47

def1. based on good knowledge of something

Question 48

consent /kənˈsent/

Answer 48

permission to do something

Question 49

donor /ˈdoʊnər/

Answer 49

def1. Medical someone who gives blood, sperm, eggs, or a part of their body to be used in the medical treatment of someone else

Question 50

intent /ɪnˈtent/

Answer 50

def1. [singular/uncountable] formal the intention to do something

Question 51

Briton /ˈbrɪt(ə)n/

Answer 51

someone from the U.K.. The usual way of talking about someone from the U.K. is to say that he or she is British.

Question 52

approve /əˈpruv/

Answer 52

def1. [intransitive] [never progressive] to have a positive feeling toward someone or something that you consider to be good or suitable

Question 53

instead /ɪnˈsted/

Answer 53

used for saying that one person, thing, or action replaces another

Question 54

embrace /ɪmˈbreɪs/

Answer 54

def1. [transitive] to completely accept something such as a new belief, idea, or way of life

Question 55

persumed /prɪˈzum/

Answer 55

def1. [transitive] to think that something is true because it is likely, although you cannot be certain

Question 56

expressly/ɪkˈspresli/

Answer 56

formal in a way that is clear and definite

Question 57

opt out

Answer 57

to decide not to take part in something or to stop taking part in it

Question 58

devolve /dɪˈvɑlv/

Answer 58

to take power or responsibility from a central authority or government and give it to smaller and more local regions

Question 59

Welsh /wɛlʃ/

Answer 59

of or connected with Wales, its people, or its language

Question 60

legislature /ˈledʒɪˌsleɪtʃər/

Answer 60

def1. [countable] a group of people who are elected to create laws in a particular area, especially a U.S. state

Question 61

sceptic /ˈskeptɪk/

Answer 61

• someone who has doubts about things that other people think are true or right
• person who usually doubts that claims or statements are true, especially those that other people believe in

Question 62

lead the league

Answer 62

• 선두를 지키다. 1등이다.

* 스페인은 하기싫으면 안한다고 말하는 옵트아웃 제도를 가지고 있는데, 백만명당 32명의 사후기증자로 선두를 달리고 있어, 근데 그 시스템 그리스더 가졌는데, 바닥에서 4위권이야 백만명당 4명으로.

Question 63

lurk /lɜrk/

Answer 63

def2. when something unpleasant or dangerous lurks, it is present but not in an obvious way

Question 64

superbly /suˈpɜrbli/

Answer 64

superb /suˈpɜrb/ adj. of the highest quality

Question 65

sell /sel/

Answer 65

def3. [transitive] informal to persuade someone to do, have, or use something

Question 66

task force

Answer 66

a group of people chosen to deal with a particular problem or situation

Question 67

referral /rɪˈfɜrəl/

Answer 67

the process of sending someone to another person or place for help, information, or advice

Question 68

retrieval /rɪˈtriv(ə)l/

Answer 68

def1. the process of getting something back that was lost or not in its usual place

Question 69

diabetic /ˌdaɪəˈbetɪk/

Answer 69

someone who is diabetic has diabetes

Question 70

controversial /ˌkɑntrəˈvɜrʃ(ə)l/

Answer 70

a controversial subject, opinion, or decision is one that people disagree about or do not approve of

Question 71

ventilator /ˈvent(ə)lˌeɪtər/

Answer 71

def1. a machine that pushes air in and out of someone’s lungs when they cannot breathe on their own

Question 72

retrieve /rɪˈtriv/

Answer 72

def2. [transitive] to save or protect something that is going to be lost, damaged, or destroyed

Question 73

do the job

Answer 73

• if something does the job, you can use it for something, even if it was not designed for this
• to be effective or successful in doing what you want

Question 74

raise hackles /ˈhæk(ə)lz/

Answer 74

to make someone angry