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USMLE 1 > Mneumonics > Flashcards

Mneumonics Flashcards

0
Q

Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia

A

Mets to the Brain

-Lung, Breast, Skin, Kidney, GI tract

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1
Q

Permanently Relocated Tumors Like Long Bones

A

Mets to the Bone

-Prostate, Renal, Thyroid/Testes, Lung, Lymphoma, Breast

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2
Q

Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver

A

Mets to the Liver

-Colon, Stomach, Pancreas, Breast, Lung

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3
Q

Dry as a bone, Hot as a hare, Red as a beet, Blind as a bat, Mad as a hatter, Bloated as a toad

A
  • Decr. Secretions/Saliva
  • Incr. Temperature
  • Peripheral vasodilation
  • Mydriasis/Cycloplegia
  • Agitation/Delirium
  • Constipation/Urinary retention
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4
Q

GET GAP on the Metro

A

Metronidazole treats:

  • Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardernella, Anaerobes (Bacteroides, C. difficile), H. pylori
  • Also Candida
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5
Q

Put Nitro in your -must-ang

A

Nitrosureas often end in -mustine

-Carmustine, Lomustine, Semustine, Streptozocin

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6
Q

Eradicate Ball Cancer

A

Treatment of Testicular cancer

-Etoposide, Bleomycin, Cisplatin

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7
Q

VinBLASTine BLASTS bone marrow

A

Side effect of Vinblastine is bone marrow suppression

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8
Q

Taxes are used to stabilize society

A

Taxols are used to hyperstabilize polymerized microtubules in M phase
-Tx Ovarian and Breast carcinoma

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9
Q

Young Liver Synthesizes Blood

A

Location of erythropoiesis in the fetus:

  • yolk sac
  • liver
  • spleen
  • bone marrow
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10
Q

BFDR

A

Symptoms of Carcinoid Syndrome:

  • Bronchospasm
  • Flushing
  • Diarrhea
  • R. Sided Heart Murmurs or Lesions
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11
Q

PEcK

A

Coverage of 1st generation cephalosporins:

  • Gram + cocci
  • Proteus mirabilis, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
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12
Q

HENS PEcK

A

Coverage of 2nd generation cephalosporins:

  • Gram + cocci
  • Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Serratia
  • Proteus mirabilis, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
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13
Q

5T’s of R–>L shunts

A
  1. Truncus arteriosus (1 vessel)
  2. Transposition (2 switched vessels)
  3. Tricuspid atresia (3 = tri)
  4. Tetralogy of Fallot (4 = tetra)
  5. TAPVR (5 letters in the name)
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14
Q

PROVe

A

Tetralogy of Fallot:

  • Pulmonary infundibular stenosis
  • RVH
  • Overriding aorta
  • VSD
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15
Q

Nagging Pests Must Breathe

A

Obligate aerobic bacteria:

  • Nocardia
  • Pseudomonas
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Bacillus spp.
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16
Q

No Bad-boy Keeps Clean

A

Anti-arrhythmnics

  • Class I: Na+ channel blockers
  • Class II: B-blockers
  • Class III: K+ channel blockers
  • Class IV: Ca2+ channel blockers
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17
Q

SHIPP

A

Drug-induced lupus:

  • Sulfonamides
  • Hydralazine
  • Isoniazid
  • Procainamide
  • Phenytoin
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18
Q

PVT TIM HaLL

A

Essential amino acids:

-Phenylalanine, Valine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Methionine, Histidine, Leucine, Lysine

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19
Q

The Rich Never Pan Pyrite-Filled Creeks

A 
B1: thiamine
B2: riboflavin
B3: niacin
B5: panthothenic acid 
B6: pyridoxine 
B9: folic acid 
B12: cobalamin
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20
Q

Hugs take two

A

Heme synthesis, Urea cycle, Gluconeogenesis

-metabolic processes that occur in both the mitochondria and cytoplasm

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21
Q

HC = HC

A

HeteroChromatin = Highly Condensed

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22
Q

CpG Methylation Makes DNA Mute

A

DNA methylation at CpG islands repress transcription

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23
Q

Acetylation makes DNA Active

A

histone acetylation relaxes DNA coiling, allowing for transcription

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24
Methylation Mostly Makes DNA Mute
Histone methylation reversible represses DNA transcription but may activate it in some cases
25
PURe As Gold
Purines: adenine, guanine
26
CUT the PYe
Pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine, uracil
27
HGPRT
Symptoms of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome - Hyperuricemia - Gout - Pissed off (aggression, self mutilation) - Retardation - dysTonia
28
CCA
Can Carry Amino acids | -3' end of tRNA has CCA which is the amino acid acceptor site
30
Microtubules Get Constructed Very Poorly
- Mebendazole - Griseofulvin - Colchicine - Vincristine/Vinblastine - Paclitaxel
31
Strong, Slippery, Bloody, Basement
Types of Collagen - I: Bone, Skin, Tendon, Dentin, Fascia, Cornea, Late wound repair - II: Cartilage, vitreous body, nucleus pulposus - III: Blood vessels, skin, uterus, fetal tissue,granulation tissue; Reticulin - IV: Basement membrane, basal lamina, lens
32
ThreE-D
Type III collagen is deficient in the vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
33
Can't see, can't pee, can't hear me
Alport syndrome: - lenticonus (thinning of lens) - kidney disease (nephritis, renal failure) - hearing loss
34
SNoW DRoP
``` Southern = DNA Northern = RNA Western = Protein ```
35
MAMA and POP
MAMA: Angelman syndrome - Maternal gene deletion - Angelman - happy Mood and inappropriate laughter - Ataxia POP: Prader-Willi syndrome - Prader-Willi - Overeating/Obesity - Paternal gene deletion
36
Fragile Mental Retardation gene
FMR1 gene involved in mRNA translation - X-linked defect affecting methylation and expression of FMR1 gene - -> Fragile X-Syndrome (trinucleotide repeat)
37
BALSA
Drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease: - B: Bromocriptine - A: amantadine - L: levodopa, carbidopa - S: selegeline, entacapone, told alone - A: antimuscarinics
38
MGM Studios
Adult brain tumors: - Metastasis - Glioblastoma multifilament - Meningioma - Schwannoma
39
Charcot SINned
Charcots triad of MS: - Scanning speech - Intention tremor - Nystagmus Also: optic neuritis, inter nuclear opthalmoplegia, bowel and bladder incontinence
40
SAD PERSONS
Risk factors for suicide: - Sex (male) - Age (teenage or elderly) - Depression - Previous attempts - Ethanol or drug use - loss of Rational thinking - Sickness (medical illness, 3 or more prescription meds) - Organized plan - No spouse (divorced, widowed, single, esp. if childless) - Social support is lacking *women have more attempts but men succeed more
41
DIG FAST
Dx for Mania requires 3 of the following: - Distractibility - Irresponsibility - Grandiosity - Flight of ideas - Agitation/ goal directed Activity - decr. need for Sleep - Talkativeness
42
SIGECAPS
Symptoms of Depression; must have at least 5 for 2 or more wks- must include depressed mood or anhedonia- for dx of Depression: - Sleep disturbance - loss of Interest (anhedonia) - Guilt or feelings of worthlessness - Energy loss and fatigue - Concentration problems - Appetite/weight changes - Psychomotor retardation or agitation - Suicidal ideations - Depressed mood
43
Tri-Cs
TCA side effects: - Convulsions - Coma - Cardiotoxicity - also respiratory depression, hyperpyrexia - confusion and hallucinations in elderly d/t anticholinergic effects
44
PPANIICCCCSSS
Panic disorder- must have at least 4 of the following + recurrent attacks for at least 1 month: - Palpitations - Paresthesias - Abdominal distress - Nausea - Intense fear of dying or losing control - LIghtheadedness - Chest pain - Chills - Choking - disConnectedness - Sweating - Shaking - Shortness of breath
45
POTTER
Potter Syndrome/Sequence is associated with: - Pulmonary hypoplasia - Oligohydramnios (trigger for sequence) - Twisted face - Twisted skin - Extremity defects - Renal failure (in utero)
46
MUDPILES
Incr. anion gap Metabolic Acidosis - Methanol - Uremia - DKA - Propylene glycol - INH or Iron tablets - Lactic acidosis - Ethylene glycol - Salicylates
47
HARD-ASS
Normal anion gap Metabolic Acidosis - Hyperalimentation - Addison dz - Renal tubular acidosis - Diarrhea - Acetazolamide - Spironolactone - Saline infusion
48
SAT for Photos
Drugs that cause photosensitivity: - Sulfonamides - Amiodarone - Tetracyclines
49
PASS
Drugs that cause Steven Johnson Syndrome: - Penicillins - Sulfa drugs - Seizure drugs - Allopurinol
50
VACUUM THe BedRoom
Tetracyclines are affective against these organisms: - Vibrio cholerae - Acne - Chlamydia - Ureaplasma urealyticum - Mycoplasma pneumoniae - Tularemia - H. pylori - Borrelia burgdorferi - Rickettsia
51
PUS
Clinical uses of Macrolides: - Pneumonia (Atypical: Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella) - URI (G+ cocci: S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes) - STD (Chlamydia, Gonorrheae)
52
MACRO
Side effects of Macrolides: - M: gastrointestinal Motility issues - A: Arrhythmia- prolonged QT esp. with Azithromycin - C: Cholestatic hepatitis- with Erythromycin - R: Rash - O: eOsinophilia
53
CRACK AMIGOS
CYP450 inhibitors: - Cimetidine - Ritonavir - Amiodarone - Ciprofloxacin - Ketoconazole - Acute alcohol use - Macrolides - INH - Grapefruit juice - Omeprazole - Sulfonamides
54
Ken Rides Shotgun in Barbie's Girl Car
CYP450 inducers: - Phenytoin - Rifampin - St. John's wort - Barbiturates - Griseofulvin - Carbamazepine
57
Some Girls Love Licorice but Fellas Hate Candy
``` Genital ulcers: -Syphilis -Granuloma inguinale -Lymphogranuloma venereum these are all painLess ``` the painFul lesions are: - Herpes simplex - Chancroid (H. ducreyi)
58
HONDA
Risk factors for Endometrial carcinoma: - Hyperplasia/ HTN - Obesity - Nulliparity - Diabetes - Anovulatory state
59
Some Risky Meds Can Prolong QT
- Sotalol - Risperidone - Macrolides - Chloroquine - Protease inhibitors - Quinidine (class IA anti-arrhythmic, also class III) - Thiazides
60
Even Some Killers Have Nice capSuleS
Encapsulated organisms: - E. Coli - Strep pneumonia - Klebsiella pneumoniae - Haemophilus influenzae - Neisseria meningitidis - Salmonella - group b Strep
61
SHiN
Encapsulated organisms that we have vaccines against: - Strep pneumoniae - Haemophilus influenzae b - Neisseria meningitidis
62
To Be Healed Rapidly
Preformed Antibodies are given to PTs infected with: - Tetanus toxin - Botulinum toxin - HBV - Rabies virus * can also give active immunization for HBV and Rabies virus
63
PLACESS
Catalase + organisms: - Psuedomonas - Listeria - Aspergillus - Candida - E.coli - S.aureus - Serratia
64
Breathing Air Badly from Medications
Drugs that cause pulmonary fibrosis: - Bleomycin - Amiodarone - Busulfan - Methotrexate
65
VANC
Drugs that cause cutaneous flushing: - Vancomycin - Adenosine - Niacin - Ca2+ channel blockers

USMLE 1 (13 decks)

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