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USMLE 1 > Mneumonics > Flashcards

Mneumonics Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia

A

Mets to the Brain

-Lung, Breast, Skin, Kidney, GI tract

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1
Q

Permanently Relocated Tumors Like Long Bones

A

Mets to the Bone

-Prostate, Renal, Thyroid/Testes, Lung, Lymphoma, Breast

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2
Q

Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver

A

Mets to the Liver

-Colon, Stomach, Pancreas, Breast, Lung

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3
Q

Dry as a bone, Hot as a hare, Red as a beet, Blind as a bat, Mad as a hatter, Bloated as a toad

A
  • Decr. Secretions/Saliva
  • Incr. Temperature
  • Peripheral vasodilation
  • Mydriasis/Cycloplegia
  • Agitation/Delirium
  • Constipation/Urinary retention
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4
Q

GET GAP on the Metro

A

Metronidazole treats:

  • Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardernella, Anaerobes (Bacteroides, C. difficile), H. pylori
  • Also Candida
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5
Q

Put Nitro in your -must-ang

A

Nitrosureas often end in -mustine

-Carmustine, Lomustine, Semustine, Streptozocin

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6
Q

Eradicate Ball Cancer

A

Treatment of Testicular cancer

-Etoposide, Bleomycin, Cisplatin

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7
Q

VinBLASTine BLASTS bone marrow

A

Side effect of Vinblastine is bone marrow suppression

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8
Q

Taxes are used to stabilize society

A

Taxols are used to hyperstabilize polymerized microtubules in M phase
-Tx Ovarian and Breast carcinoma

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9
Q

Young Liver Synthesizes Blood

A

Location of erythropoiesis in the fetus:

  • yolk sac
  • liver
  • spleen
  • bone marrow
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10
Q

BFDR

A

Symptoms of Carcinoid Syndrome:

  • Bronchospasm
  • Flushing
  • Diarrhea
  • R. Sided Heart Murmurs or Lesions
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11
Q

PEcK

A

Coverage of 1st generation cephalosporins:

  • Gram + cocci
  • Proteus mirabilis, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
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12
Q

HENS PEcK

A

Coverage of 2nd generation cephalosporins:

  • Gram + cocci
  • Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Serratia
  • Proteus mirabilis, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
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13
Q

5T’s of R–>L shunts

A
  1. Truncus arteriosus (1 vessel)
  2. Transposition (2 switched vessels)
  3. Tricuspid atresia (3 = tri)
  4. Tetralogy of Fallot (4 = tetra)
  5. TAPVR (5 letters in the name)
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14
Q

PROVe

A

Tetralogy of Fallot:

  • Pulmonary infundibular stenosis
  • RVH
  • Overriding aorta
  • VSD
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15
Q

Nagging Pests Must Breathe

A

Obligate aerobic bacteria:

  • Nocardia
  • Pseudomonas
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Bacillus spp.
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16
Q

No Bad-boy Keeps Clean

A

Anti-arrhythmnics

  • Class I: Na+ channel blockers
  • Class II: B-blockers
  • Class III: K+ channel blockers
  • Class IV: Ca2+ channel blockers
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17
Q

SHIPP

A

Drug-induced lupus:

  • Sulfonamides
  • Hydralazine
  • Isoniazid
  • Procainamide
  • Phenytoin
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18
Q

PVT TIM HaLL

A

Essential amino acids:

-Phenylalanine, Valine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Methionine, Histidine, Leucine, Lysine

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19
Q

The Rich Never Pan Pyrite-Filled Creeks

A 
B1: thiamine
B2: riboflavin
B3: niacin
B5: panthothenic acid 
B6: pyridoxine 
B9: folic acid 
B12: cobalamin
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20
Q

Hugs take two

A

Heme synthesis, Urea cycle, Gluconeogenesis

-metabolic processes that occur in both the mitochondria and cytoplasm

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21
Q

HC = HC

A

HeteroChromatin = Highly Condensed

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22
Q

CpG Methylation Makes DNA Mute

A

DNA methylation at CpG islands repress transcription

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23
Q

Acetylation makes DNA Active

A

histone acetylation relaxes DNA coiling, allowing for transcription

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24
Q

Methylation Mostly Makes DNA Mute

A

Histone methylation reversible represses DNA transcription but may activate it in some cases

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25
Q

PURe As Gold

A

Purines: adenine, guanine

26
Q

CUT the PYe

A

Pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine, uracil

27
Q

HGPRT

A

Symptoms of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

  • Hyperuricemia
  • Gout
  • Pissed off (aggression, self mutilation)
  • Retardation
  • dysTonia
28
Q

CCA

A

Can Carry Amino acids

-3’ end of tRNA has CCA which is the amino acid acceptor site

30
Q

Microtubules Get Constructed Very Poorly

A
  • Mebendazole
  • Griseofulvin
  • Colchicine
  • Vincristine/Vinblastine
  • Paclitaxel
31
Q

Strong, Slippery, Bloody, Basement

A

Types of Collagen

  • I: Bone, Skin, Tendon, Dentin, Fascia, Cornea, Late wound repair
  • II: Cartilage, vitreous body, nucleus pulposus
  • III: Blood vessels, skin, uterus, fetal tissue,granulation tissue; Reticulin
  • IV: Basement membrane, basal lamina, lens
32
Q

ThreE-D

A

Type III collagen is deficient in the vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

33
Q

Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t hear me

A

Alport syndrome:

  • lenticonus (thinning of lens)
  • kidney disease (nephritis, renal failure)
  • hearing loss
34
Q

SNoW DRoP

A 
Southern = DNA
Northern = RNA
Western = Protein
35
Q

MAMA and POP

A

MAMA: Angelman syndrome

  • Maternal gene deletion
  • Angelman
  • happy Mood and inappropriate laughter
  • Ataxia

POP: Prader-Willi syndrome

  • Prader-Willi
  • Overeating/Obesity
  • Paternal gene deletion
36
Q

Fragile Mental Retardation gene

A

FMR1 gene involved in mRNA translation

  • X-linked defect affecting methylation and expression of FMR1 gene
  • -> Fragile X-Syndrome (trinucleotide repeat)
37
Q

BALSA

A

Drugs used to treat Parkinson’s disease:

  • B: Bromocriptine
  • A: amantadine
  • L: levodopa, carbidopa
  • S: selegeline, entacapone, told alone
  • A: antimuscarinics
38
Q

MGM Studios

A

Adult brain tumors:

  • Metastasis
  • Glioblastoma multifilament
  • Meningioma
  • Schwannoma
39
Q

Charcot SINned

A

Charcots triad of MS:

  • Scanning speech
  • Intention tremor
  • Nystagmus

Also: optic neuritis, inter nuclear opthalmoplegia, bowel and bladder incontinence

40
Q

SAD PERSONS

A

Risk factors for suicide:

  • Sex (male)
  • Age (teenage or elderly)
  • Depression
  • Previous attempts
  • Ethanol or drug use
  • loss of Rational thinking
  • Sickness (medical illness, 3 or more prescription meds)
  • Organized plan
  • No spouse (divorced, widowed, single, esp. if childless)
  • Social support is lacking

*women have more attempts but men succeed more

41
Q

DIG FAST

A

Dx for Mania requires 3 of the following:

  • Distractibility
  • Irresponsibility
  • Grandiosity
  • Flight of ideas
  • Agitation/ goal directed Activity
  • decr. need for Sleep
  • Talkativeness
42
Q

SIGECAPS

A

Symptoms of Depression; must have at least 5 for 2 or more wks- must include depressed mood or anhedonia- for dx of Depression:

  • Sleep disturbance
  • loss of Interest (anhedonia)
  • Guilt or feelings of worthlessness
  • Energy loss and fatigue
  • Concentration problems
  • Appetite/weight changes
  • Psychomotor retardation or agitation
  • Suicidal ideations
  • Depressed mood
43
Q

Tri-Cs

A

TCA side effects:

  • Convulsions
  • Coma
  • Cardiotoxicity
  • also respiratory depression, hyperpyrexia
  • confusion and hallucinations in elderly d/t anticholinergic effects
44
Q

PPANIICCCCSSS

A

Panic disorder- must have at least 4 of the following + recurrent attacks for at least 1 month:

  • Palpitations
  • Paresthesias
  • Abdominal distress
  • Nausea
  • Intense fear of dying or losing control
  • LIghtheadedness
  • Chest pain
  • Chills
  • Choking
  • disConnectedness
  • Sweating
  • Shaking
  • Shortness of breath
45
Q

POTTER

A

Potter Syndrome/Sequence is associated with:

  • Pulmonary hypoplasia
  • Oligohydramnios (trigger for sequence)
  • Twisted face
  • Twisted skin
  • Extremity defects
  • Renal failure (in utero)
46
Q

MUDPILES

A

Incr. anion gap Metabolic Acidosis

  • Methanol
  • Uremia
  • DKA
  • Propylene glycol
  • INH or Iron tablets
  • Lactic acidosis
  • Ethylene glycol
  • Salicylates
47
Q

HARD-ASS

A

Normal anion gap Metabolic Acidosis

  • Hyperalimentation
  • Addison dz
  • Renal tubular acidosis
  • Diarrhea
  • Acetazolamide
  • Spironolactone
  • Saline infusion
48
Q

SAT for Photos

A

Drugs that cause photosensitivity:

  • Sulfonamides
  • Amiodarone
  • Tetracyclines
49
Q

PASS

A

Drugs that cause Steven Johnson Syndrome:

  • Penicillins
  • Sulfa drugs
  • Seizure drugs
  • Allopurinol
50
Q

VACUUM THe BedRoom

A

Tetracyclines are affective against these organisms:

  • Vibrio cholerae
  • Acne
  • Chlamydia
  • Ureaplasma urealyticum
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • Tularemia
  • H. pylori
  • Borrelia burgdorferi
  • Rickettsia
51
Q

PUS

A

Clinical uses of Macrolides:

  • Pneumonia (Atypical: Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella)
  • URI (G+ cocci: S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes)
  • STD (Chlamydia, Gonorrheae)
52
Q

MACRO

A

Side effects of Macrolides:

  • M: gastrointestinal Motility issues
  • A: Arrhythmia- prolonged QT esp. with Azithromycin
  • C: Cholestatic hepatitis- with Erythromycin
  • R: Rash
  • O: eOsinophilia
53
Q

CRACK AMIGOS

A

CYP450 inhibitors:

  • Cimetidine
  • Ritonavir
  • Amiodarone
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Ketoconazole
  • Acute alcohol use
  • Macrolides
  • INH
  • Grapefruit juice
  • Omeprazole
  • Sulfonamides
54
Q

Ken Rides Shotgun in Barbie’s Girl Car

A

CYP450 inducers:

  • Phenytoin
  • Rifampin
  • St. John’s wort
  • Barbiturates
  • Griseofulvin
  • Carbamazepine
57
Q

Some Girls Love Licorice but Fellas Hate Candy

A 
Genital ulcers:
-Syphilis
-Granuloma inguinale
-Lymphogranuloma venereum
these are all painLess

the painFul lesions are:

  • Herpes simplex
  • Chancroid (H. ducreyi)
58
Q

HONDA

A

Risk factors for Endometrial carcinoma:

  • Hyperplasia/ HTN
  • Obesity
  • Nulliparity
  • Diabetes
  • Anovulatory state
59
Q

Some Risky Meds Can Prolong QT

A
  • Sotalol
  • Risperidone
  • Macrolides
  • Chloroquine
  • Protease inhibitors
  • Quinidine (class IA anti-arrhythmic, also class III)
  • Thiazides
60
Q

Even Some Killers Have Nice capSuleS

A

Encapsulated organisms:

  • E. Coli
  • Strep pneumonia
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Salmonella
  • group b Strep
61
Q

SHiN

A

Encapsulated organisms that we have vaccines against:

  • Strep pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus influenzae b
  • Neisseria meningitidis
62
Q

To Be Healed Rapidly

A

Preformed Antibodies are given to PTs infected with:

  • Tetanus toxin
  • Botulinum toxin
  • HBV
  • Rabies virus
  • can also give active immunization for HBV and Rabies virus
63
Q

PLACESS

A

Catalase + organisms:

  • Psuedomonas
  • Listeria
  • Aspergillus
  • Candida
  • E.coli
  • S.aureus
  • Serratia
64
Q

Breathing Air Badly from Medications

A

Drugs that cause pulmonary fibrosis:

  • Bleomycin
  • Amiodarone
  • Busulfan
  • Methotrexate
65
Q

VANC

A

Drugs that cause cutaneous flushing:

  • Vancomycin
  • Adenosine
  • Niacin
  • Ca2+ channel blockers

USMLE 1 (13 decks)

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