Mitral stenosis Flashcards
What is mitral stenosis
mitral valve <6cm affecting blood flow from left atrium to ventricle
What is the most common cause of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
Strep antigens react with valve tissue after bacterial infection
What are the causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease Mitral calcification (age) Infective Endocarditis
What is the typical presentation of mitral stenosis
Exertional dyspnoea
Reduced exercise tolerance
These present when valve area is <1.5cm
What are the symptoms of mitral stenosis
Dyspnoea Malar cheek flush AF association (LA Hypertrophy) Hoarse voice (LA compress the laryngeal) Peripheral oedema(right heart fail)
What are the signs of Mitral stenosis
Malar flush (CO2 retention) Low volume pulse AF Raised JVP Non displaced apex beat
What are the ausculation findings in Mitral stenosis
Loud S1 SNAP @ Apex
LOW MID DIASTOLIC MURMUR
what are the investigations for mitral stenosis
ECG (AF, p.Mitrale)
CXR (LA Hypertrophy)
Echocardiogram (Gold)
Cardiac MRI
What might an ECG show
Broad P wave (LA enlarged)
RV hypertrophy
Right axis deviation
AF(LA Enlargement)
What can untreated Mitral stenosis lead to
Raised LA pressure to right heart fail
What should you give a patient presenting with AF as a symptom of mitral stenosis
Anticoagulation and rate control
What symptom relief can be given to a patient with Mitral stenosis
Beta blocker and diuretics
What are the complications of mitral stenosis
AF
Pulmonary Hypertension
LA enlargement
What are the three surgical interventions for mitral stenosis
Balloon valvuloplasty (non calcified)
Percutaneous Mitral Valvotomy (moderate)
Valve repair/replace (severe)
What presentations associate with AF in mitral stenosis
Palpitation
Reduced exercise tolerance
Stroke symptoms
