Mitosis, Meiosis + Cell Death Flashcards
What are the stages of Mitosis?
What are stages 1-3 collectively known as?
G1 Phase S-Phase G2 Phase Mitosis Cytokinesis
Interphase!
True if false: Cytokinesis is the FINAL stage of mitosis.
FALSE
Changes in the cytoskeleton are important during cell division. What activities contribute to this role?
Movement of Motor Proteins along actin filaments + microtubules
Assembly of actin filaments
Assembly AND disassembly of intermediate filaments
Growth and contraction of microtubules
What are the 2 types of micro tubules that play a role in SEPARATING sister chromatids during Anaphase of cell division?
Kinetochore + Astral microtubules
What are the 3 KEY Checkpoints within the Cell Cycle?
Restriction Point
G2-M Transition
Meta-anaphase Transition
At the restriction point PRIOR to the entry into S-phase of the cell cycle, what are the main factors checked for?
Favourable external environment
Cell size
DNA damage
At G2-M transition, what are the main factors checked for?
DNA damage
Cell size
DNA replication completed
At the transition from metaphase to anaphase during Mitosis, what are the main factors the cell checks for?
Chromosomes are attached to BOTH centromeres!
What is the term used to describe how many copies of each chromosome are present in a Human Cell?
Example of cell that would contain this number of chromosomes?
What term is used to describe cells with 2 copies of each chromosome?
Haploid
Sperm / Egg / Oocyte
Diploid!
Within an individual, the probability of 2 sperm cells being genetically identical is REMOTE.
In the production of healthy sperm, what processes normally contribute to this?
Random distribution of 1 set of chromosomes to each sperm cell
Recombination between homologous chromosomes
In Meiosis, there are … daughter cells. Daughters have the … complement of chromosomes. There are … cellular divisions and … occurs!
In Mitosis, there is … cellular division. Daughters have the … complement of chromosomes. There are … daughter cells.
In BOTH, DNA replication happens…
In neither, DNA replication happens…
4, haploid, two, recombination
One, diploid, 2
Once
Twice!
Name in the order they occur the subdivisions of Prophase 1 of Meiosis.
Leptotene! Zygotene Pachytene Diplotene Diakinesis
During which stage of Meiotic Prophase 1 does recombination occur?
Pachytene!
Name the stages of Meiosis - the 6 stage version!
- Interphase
- Prophase 1
- Metaphase 1
- Anaphase 1
- Telophase 1
- Anaphase 2
Name 1 form of programmed cell death.
What name is given to uncontrolled cell death after catastrophic injury?
Apoptosis
Necrosis!