Mitosis

Question 1

Define: Cell division

Answer 1

Process by which cells make more cells

Question 2

What are the 2 ways which cell divison can occur?

Answer 2

Occur through mitosis (body cells) or meiosis (germ or sex cells)

Question 3

What is cancer

Answer 3

Overactive cell division

Question 4

Explain the size and DNA location of Eukaryotes

Answer 4

Genome large and linear

DNA in nucleus

Question 5

Explain the size and DNA location of Prokaryotes

Answer 5

Genome small and circular
DNA in cytoplasm

Question 6

Explain G Phase

Answer 6

G phase - double the amount of everything needed, cell grows by producing protein

Question 7

Explain S Phase

Answer 7

S phase - dna is duplicated

Question 8

Explain G2 phase

Answer 8

G2 phase - cell prepared to enter into mitosis

Question 9

Explain M phase

Answer 9

M phase (mitosis) - chromosomal separation and cytokinesis

Question 10

What is interphase

Answer 10

Interphase - time between successive mitosis

Question 11

Explain the phases of the cell cycle

Answer 11

Interphase (G, S, G2p phase), Mitosis (PMAT, cytokinesis)

Question 12

What happens to cells not actively

Answer 12

• May exit cell cycle
• From G1, enter state of G0
• These cells are said to be quiescent (inactive)

Question 13

How many chromosomes of in a human genome

Answer 13

23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 14

How many autosomes and sex cells are in human genomes

Answer 14

1-22 is autosomes
23 is sex chromosome - determine sex

Question 15

What are homologous chromosomes

Answer 15

• Chromosomes that belong together
• Of common descent

Question 16

What are centromeres

Answer 16

Centromeres - central part of chromosomes important for separating spindle fibres

Question 17

What happens to chromatids in the S phase

Answer 17

Through S phase, chromatids double making are sister chromatids (still same amount of chromosomes)

Question 18

What is mitotic cell division

Answer 18

Mitotic Cell Division: a single parent cell divides into 2 daughter cells

Question 19

What happens in prophase

Answer 19

Chromosomes condense

Centrosomes radiate microtubes and migrate to opposite poles

Question 20

What happens in pro-metaphase

Answer 20

Microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes

Nucleus envelope begins to break

Question 21

What happens in metaphase

Answer 21

Chromosomes align in center of cell

Question 22

What happens in anaphase

Answer 22

Sister chromatids separate and travel to opposite poles

– Sister chromatids become individual chromosomes when the centromere is split

Question 23

What happens in telophase

Answer 23

Nuclear envelopes re-form and chromosomes decondense

Question 24

What is cytokinesis

Answer 24

Physical process of cell division that divides the cytoplasm of the parent cell into 2 daughter cell

Question 25

How long does it take cells in culture to complete 1 cell cycle

Answer 25

Take 24 hours to complete 1 cell cycle

Question 26

What are ploidy levels

Answer 26

of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell is known as its ploidy

Question 27

What are haploid cells

Answer 27

Cell with 1 complete set of chromosomes in haploid

Question 28

What is the ploidy of haploid cells

Answer 28

1n

Question 29

What are an example of haploid cells

Answer 29

Ex. sperm cell or an egg in vertebrates

Question 30

What are diploid cells

Answer 30

Diploid cell would have 2 complete sets of chromosomes. One from mother, and one from father

Question 31

Whats the ploidy of diploid cells

Answer 31

2n

Question 32

What are examples of diploid cells

Answer 32

Ex. somatic cell such as leaf cell
Ex. Skin cell
Ex. stem cell in colon

Question 33

What happens to diploid somatic cells after S phase

Answer 33

DNA doubles making a complete set of chromosomes

Still a diploid cell

Question 34

Does DNA or ploidy change in mitosis?

Answer 34

Amount of DNA changes but NOT the ploidy levels in Mitosis