Mendel + Probabilities

Question 1

When is the multiplication rule used

Answer 1

• When there are 2 independent events
• For solving probability of first AND second outcome happening

Question 2

How do you use the multiplication rule

Answer 2

Must multiply two probabilities together

Question 3

When is the addition rule used

Answer 3

• The event A and B are independent and do not overlap
• For solving probability of A OR B occurring

Question 4

How do you use the addition rule

Answer 4

Must add 2 probabilities together

Question 5

When do phenotypic ratios in human families often differ from Mendelian expectations

Answer 5

Relatively small, therefor phenotypic ratios among offspring often deviate significantly from Mendelian expectations

Question 6

Do the changes of a genotype in one offspring affect the chances of another

Answer 6

• No, each birth is independent
• Ex. There is a ¼ chance of each child having disease, NOT a ¼ chance of every child having disease

Question 7

What is N in the binomial equation

Answer 7

N is total number of children ( must be whole #)

Question 8

What is X in the binomial equation

Answer 8

X is number unaffected offspring

Question 9

What is Y in the binomial equation

Answer 9

Y is number affected offspring

Question 10

What is P in the binomial equation

Answer 10

P = probability of success (being unaffected)

Question 11

What is Q in the binomial equation

Answer 11

Q = probability of failure (being affected)

Question 12

What is the binomial equation

Answer 12

[n!/x!y!] [p^x*q^y]