Mendelian Genetics

Question 1

Define: Gene

Answer 1

Gene - inherited factor encoded in DNA

Question 2

Define: Locus

Answer 2

Locus - specific place in chromosome occupied by allele (address on chromosome)

Question 3

Define: Allele

Answer 3

Allele - 2+ alternate forms of genes (dominant and recessive)

Question 4

Define: Genotype

Answer 4

Genotype - set of alleles at any particular locus possessed by an individual organism

Question 5

Define: Hetrozygous

Answer 5

Heterozygous - 2 diff allles

Question 6

Define: Homozygous

Answer 6

Homozygous - 2 same alleles

Question 7

Define: Phenotype or trait

Answer 7

Phenotype or trait - appearance or manifestation of characteristic

Question 8

Define: Genotype

Answer 8

Genotype - allele combination

Question 9

How are dominant & lower case alleles indicated

Answer 9

Upper case (R) - dominant
Lower case (r)- recessive

Question 10

What is mendels principle of segregation

Answer 10

1. Each individual organism possesses 2 alleles encoding a trait (before meiosis)
2. Alleles separate when gametes formed (anaphase 1)
3. Alleles separate in equal proportion (anaphase 1)

Question 10

Can gene differences be broad

Answer 10

Yes, Gene difference can be very broad or go to single nucleotide level

Question 11

What does “parent generation” mean

Answer 11

Parental generation - first generation

Question 12

What does “F1” generation mean

Answer 12

First filial generation (F1) - second generation

Question 13

Whats Mendels principle of independent assortment

Answer 13

Alleles at different loci separate independently (anaphase 1)