B:Cell Basics (13) Flashcards
What are the 3 things needed to make a cell
1) Information
2) Chemistry
3) Compartments
Define: Differentiation
Differentiation: the process where cells become specialized
Define: enucleation
Enucleation: mechanism by which maturing red blood cells (erythrocytes) eject their nucleus
Why is information needed to make a cell
Information such as DNA and cell purpose are needed to make effective cells
Why is chemistry needed to make a cell
The origins of life come from chemistry
Explain abiogenesis theory of cells
Abiogenesis: building block compounds + energy (electricity, UV) = simple organic compounds
What are the building blocks of cells
Building block compounds: nitrogen, ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen gas
What are amino acids
Building blocks of protien
What is meant by compartment of cells
Compartments: single or double lipid layer membrane
Mitochondria, chloroplasts, cell nucleus, vesicles, and endoplasmic reticulum are all examples of compartments
Why are compartments nessessary for cells
Establishes physical boundaries that allow the cell to carry out different metabolic activities
How did Robert Hooke Contribute to the Discovery of Cells
Contrived to improvement of microscope and explored structures of snowflakes, fleas, lice, and plants
What are the 3 parts of cell theory
1) All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
2) The cell is the most basic unit of life
3) Omnis cellula e cellula (all cells arise only from pre-existing cells)
What are the basic properties of cells (9)
1) Highly complex and organized
2) Activity controlled by a genetic program
3) Can reproduce - make copies of themselves
4) Assimilate and utilize energy
5) Carry out many chemical reactions (using enzymes)
6) Engage in mechanical activities
7) Respond to stimuli
8) Capable of self-regulation
9) They evolve
What came first: prokaryotes or eukaryotes
Prokaryotes were only form of life on earth for millions of years until more complicated eukaryotes came
What is the cell count and size of prokaryotes
Single-cell
Sice: 1-10 um
