B: Viruses (14)

Question 1

What is a protest

Answer 1

Protist - something that cannot be labeled as plant, animal or fungi

Question 2

Are viruses alive

Answer 2

No , do not have all basic properties of cells (have some but not all), viruses are not cells

Question 3

Define: virus

Answer 3

viruses: macromolecular package that can function and reproduce only within living cell

Question 4

Define: virion

Answer 4

Virion: inanimate particles of a virus, existing outside the cell

Question 5

What are the 2 categories of viruses

Answer 5

1) DNA viruses
2) RNA viruses

Question 6

What is the size of a virus

Answer 6

Very small and can easily fit into spaces in cell

Question 7

What was the first virus

Answer 7

TMV virus

Question 8

What does the TMV Virus affect

Answer 8

Tobacco leaf infected by virus that rapidly degrades structure

Question 9

What is the baltimore classification

Answer 9

Most accepted classification of viruses

Categorized on type of genome (DNA/RNA) and method of replication

Question 10

What are the 6 families of viruses

Answer 10

HIV, Hepititus B, Ebolua Virus, Adenovirus, Influenza, Bacteriophage

Question 11

What is a giant virus

Answer 11

Giant viruses: Viruses 10x bigger than normal viruses
— More complex in components than smaller viruses
— Recently discovered

Question 12

How abundent are viruses

Answer 12

For every cell type of planet, there is at least one virus that can affect the cell type
– There are billions of different types of viruses on the plant

—Only 5000 virus species have been well categorized

Question 13

What is the anatomy of a bacteriophauge

Answer 13

Capsid head - where DNA stored

Body - to get grip and pock holes in bacteria

Question 14

What is the anatomy of influenza

Answer 14

Genetic material and ribonucleoproteins in the middle

Outside of cell has lipid envelope
Used to target other cells

On surface, many proteins, channels, enzyme

Question 15

What is the CRISPR - Cas System

Answer 15

Immune system of bacteria

Question 16

How does the CRISPR Cas sytem work

Answer 16

Used to detect infections and create line of defense

— Can physically remove DNA inserted by bacteriophages in identical attack

Question 17

How is CRISPR Cas used in gene editing

Answer 17

Can be copied, modified and used to make modifications in humans

Question 18

Define: narrow host range

Answer 18

Narrow host range: Very specific, small range of cell types
- Ex. infleunza effects epithelial cells of human respiratory system

Question 19

Define: wide host range

Answer 19

Wide host range: non-specific, can target large range of cells

like rabies, can affect may animals, wide range of cell types

Question 20

Define: lytic infection

Answer 20

Lytic: production of virus particles (ruptures) and kills cells
Ex. influenza, rabies

Question 21

Define: non-lytic infection

Answer 21

Non-lytic - viral DNA inserted into host cell
— Infected cell can survive with impaired function
— Ex. HIV, chicken pox

Question 22

Where was the zika virus outbreak

Answer 22

Serious outbreak is southern hemisphere countries

Question 23

What was the genotype of the zika virus

Answer 23

RNA- genome

Question 24

How was the zika virus transmitted

Answer 24

Transmitted through blood, sexual contact, mosquito contact
— Can be transmitted to placenta and fetus

Question 25

How did the zika virus affect people

Answer 25

Lots of infants born with microcephaly

— Infants born with head size smaller than normal. Brian smaller than normal
—- Causes motor problems, intellectual capacity, seizures