B: Viruses (14) Flashcards
What is a protest
Protist - something that cannot be labeled as plant, animal or fungi
Are viruses alive
No , do not have all basic properties of cells (have some but not all), viruses are not cells
Define: virus
viruses: macromolecular package that can function and reproduce only within living cell
Define: virion
Virion: inanimate particles of a virus, existing outside the cell
What are the 2 categories of viruses
1) DNA viruses
2) RNA viruses
What is the size of a virus
Very small and can easily fit into spaces in cell
What was the first virus
TMV virus
What does the TMV Virus affect
Tobacco leaf infected by virus that rapidly degrades structure
What is the baltimore classification
Most accepted classification of viruses
Categorized on type of genome (DNA/RNA) and method of replication
What are the 6 families of viruses
HIV, Hepititus B, Ebolua Virus, Adenovirus, Influenza, Bacteriophage
What is a giant virus
Giant viruses: Viruses 10x bigger than normal viruses
— More complex in components than smaller viruses
— Recently discovered
How abundent are viruses
For every cell type of planet, there is at least one virus that can affect the cell type
– There are billions of different types of viruses on the plant
—Only 5000 virus species have been well categorized
What is the anatomy of a bacteriophauge
Capsid head - where DNA stored
Body - to get grip and pock holes in bacteria
What is the anatomy of influenza
Genetic material and ribonucleoproteins in the middle
Outside of cell has lipid envelope
Used to target other cells
On surface, many proteins, channels, enzyme
What is the CRISPR - Cas System
Immune system of bacteria
How does the CRISPR Cas sytem work
Used to detect infections and create line of defense
— Can physically remove DNA inserted by bacteriophages in identical attack
How is CRISPR Cas used in gene editing
Can be copied, modified and used to make modifications in humans
Define: narrow host range
Narrow host range: Very specific, small range of cell types
- Ex. infleunza effects epithelial cells of human respiratory system
Define: wide host range
Wide host range: non-specific, can target large range of cells
like rabies, can affect may animals, wide range of cell types
Define: lytic infection
Lytic: production of virus particles (ruptures) and kills cells
Ex. influenza, rabies
Define: non-lytic infection
Non-lytic - viral DNA inserted into host cell
— Infected cell can survive with impaired function
— Ex. HIV, chicken pox
Where was the zika virus outbreak
Serious outbreak is southern hemisphere countries
What was the genotype of the zika virus
RNA- genome
How was the zika virus transmitted
Transmitted through blood, sexual contact, mosquito contact
— Can be transmitted to placenta and fetus
How did the zika virus affect people
Lots of infants born with microcephaly
— Infants born with head size smaller than normal. Brian smaller than normal
—- Causes motor problems, intellectual capacity, seizures
