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BIOL 1090 > Meiosis > Flashcards

Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

Whats the DNA difference in haploid vs diploid cells

A

Haploid cell (n); half the amount of DNA as a diploid cell

Diploid cell (2n); 2x more DNA that a haploid cell

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2
Q

What does it mean that meoisis is a terminal event

A

Happens outside of mitosis

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3
Q

How many interphases are in meiosis

A

1

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4
Q

What happens in the 1st division of meiosis

A

The first division randomly separates homologous chromosomes. This does not happen in mitosis

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5
Q

What happens in the 2nd division of meiosis

A

The second division results in the splitting of sister chromatids, similar to mitosis

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6
Q

What is the result of meiosis

A

The end result is 4 genetically unique daughter cells, unlike mitosis

  • Each genetically unique daughter cell is haploid, unlike mitosis
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7
Q

Where does meiosis occur

A

Occurs in germ (sex) cells

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8
Q

What does it mean that meiosis is a terminal event

A

Is an ending event, does not repeat

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9
Q

How many chromosomes do daughter cells have after meiosis

A

Each daughter contains half the # of chromosomes as the parents

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10
Q

Explain the 5 steps of prophase 1

A
  1. Chromosomes first become visible as thin threads. DNA replication is already complete
  2. Homologous chromosomes continue to condense and undergo synapsis (gene for gene paining)
  3. When synapsis is complete, each pair of homologous chromosome forms a bivalent, each chromosome consists of 2 sister chromatids
  4. The chromosomes continue to shorten and thicken and the chiasmata between non-sister chromatids becomes apparent
  5. The nuclear envelope begins to break down
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11
Q

Define sister chromatids

A

Sister chromatids: Chromatids identical to one another

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11
Q

Define homologous chromsomes

A

Homologous chromosomes: chromosomes which contain the same genes in the same order along their chromosomal arms

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12
Q

Define non-sister chromatids

A

Non- sister chromatids: chromatids not equal to one another

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13
Q

Define bivalent chromosomes

A

Bivalent: 2 chromosomes with 2 sister chromatids

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14
Q

Define chiasma

A

Chiasma: The point of contact between two (non-sister) chromatids, belonging to homologous chromosomes

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15
Q

Define Recombinant chromatids

A

Recombinant chromatids: chromatids that include contribution of the maternal and paternal chromosomes

16
Q

Explain the process of crossing over

A

When two chromosomes — one from the mother and one from the father — line up, parts of the chromosome can be switched.

17
Q

What happens in prometaphase I

A

Prometaphase I: spindle fibers attach to kinetochores on chromosomes
– Kinetochores orient side to side (mono-orientation)

18
Q

What happens in metaphase I

A

Metaphase I: Homologous pairings lineup the center of the cell, with bivalents oriented randomly with respect to each other

19
Q

Define: kinetochores

A

Kinetochores: a large proteinaceous structure that mediates interactions between chromosomal DNA and spindle-microtubule polymers

20
Q

Explain anaphase I

A

Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate, but sister chromatids do not separate

21
Q

Explain telophase and I cytokinesis

A

Telophase I and cytokinesis: daughter cells are ready to move into prophase II

21
Q

What is the ploidy levels after meiosis I

A

Each daughter cell now has only one set of chromosomes, so the ploidy level would be “n” after cytokinesis of Meiosis

22
Q

What happens to the DNA at the end of meoisis I

A

Amount of DNA reduced by half
Type of DNA reduced by half

23
Q

Explain prophase II

A

Nuclear envelope breaks down and the chromosomes condense

24
Q

Explain pro-metaphase II

A

Spindles attach to kinetochores on chromosomes

25
Q

Explain metaphse II

A

Chromosomes align in center of cell

26
Q

Explain anaphase II

A

Sister chromatids separate

27
Q

Explain telophase II and cytokinesis

A

Nuclear envelope reforms and cytoplasm divides

28
Q

What is the end result of meosis in sperm vs egg cells

A

Sperm: creates 4 sperm cells

Egg: creates one ovum and 3 polar bodies

BIOL 1090 (19 decks)

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