Mitosis Flashcards
what does Mitosis do?
Replace old and damaged cells, and grow into new organisms
Genetic Information
Each chromosome contains one long molecule of DNA.
DNA contains many genes.
Each gene is a segment of the DNA molecule that gives the instructions for making a protein,
Homologous Chromosomes
Each cell in the body has two copies of chromosomes (homologous chromosomes).
The chromosomes carry the same genes but different forms of the gene (father and mother)
The Cell Cycle
- Interphase
- Mitosis (4 stages within)
- Cytokinesis
Interphase
There are 3 sub-phases:
- G1- Major period of growth for a cell
- S – DNA gets copied or SYNTHESIZED
- G2 – Mitosis specific molecules are made
Mitosis
Mitosis is the process of cell division that maintains the same number of chromosomes from cell to cell.
The original parent cell divides to produce two new identical daughter cells.
Cell material that is copied separates in order for the cell to split into two identical cells (contains 4 stages)
Mitosis (1. Prophase)
Spindle fibers form.
The nuclear envelope starts to disassemble.
Chromosomes double into sister chromatids
* LOOK AT DIAGRAM, DRAW
Mitosis (2. Metaphase)
Chromosomes move to the middle of the cell
* LOOK AT DIAGRAM, DRAW
Mitosis (3. Anaphase)
Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell
* LOOK AT DIAGRAM, DRAW
Mitosis (4. Telophase)
New nuclear envelopes start to form.
Cells begin to cleave to form two new cells.
Cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm and organelles) occurs
* LOOK AT DIAGRAM, DRAW
Cytokinesis
Mitosis divides the nucleus into two equal nuclei, cytokinesis divides the cell into 2 equal cells, as the cytoplasm divides and pinches to form 2 cells.
Plant cells do not pinch off; a cell plate forms and cuts the cell in half.
* LOOK AT DIAGRAM, DRAW
