Active Transport

Question 1

Energy source (ATP)

Answer 1

ATP = Adenosine Tri-phosphate.

The release of each phosphate group releases energy (used for cell activities)

Question 2

Active Transport

Answer 2

Allows MORE of a molecule (like sugar, proteins) to be absorbed into cells, as simple diffusion stops at equilibrium.
ATP powered PUMPS bring nutrients into the cell

Question 3

Primary Active Transport

Answer 3

Directly moves molecules across the cell membrane
E.G is an ION PUMP – uses ATP to “pump” ions across the membrane, across a concentration gradient (sodium-potassium pump)
* LOOK AT THE DIAGRAM, DRAW AND EXPLAIN

Question 4

Secondary Active Transport

Answer 4

Uses a build-up of charges (electrochemical gradient) as a source of energy to move molecules across membrane.
Referred to as CO-TRANSPORT
Example: Hydrogen-sucrose pump
*LOOK AT DIAGRAM, DRAW, AND EXPLAIN

Question 5

Bulk Transport

Answer 5

ATP used.
Goal is to move large materials in and out of the cell
Endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 6

Bulk Transport (Endocytosis)

Answer 6

Phagocytosis – Finger-like projections of the cell membrane wrap around particles and enclose them (cell eating).
Pinocytosis – Similar to above, but a drop of Extracellular fluid is surrounded and brought into the cell (cell drinking).

Question 7

Bulk Transport (Exocytosis)

Answer 7

Similar mechanism to endocytosis, but out of the cell.
Enzymes, hormones, proteins are packaged into secretory vesicles which leave the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum—-🡪 Golgi Body—–🡪 Secretory Vesicle —-🡪 Out of cell