miscellaneous drugs and questions Flashcards
clindamycin coverage
gram positive aerobes including MRSA and enterococci anaerobic coverage (peptostreptococcus)
clindamycin use
skin and soft tissue
dental infections of children
respiratory infection
necrotizing fascilitis
clindamycin ADR
C. diff colitis
D/N
impaired liver fun and neutropenia
When is clindomycin recommended
gram positive coverage for PCN allergy
what is clindamycin cross reactive with
macrolides
fidaxomicin coverage
gram positive aerobe/anaerobes
fidaxomicin use
c. diff
fidaxomicin time dependent? static or cidal?
yes, cidal
tigecycline coverage
gram postive (MRSA) gram negative (ESBL producing) anaerobes
tigecycline use
community acquired pneumonia
skin and soft tissue
intra-abdominal infections
tigecycline ADR
not for children under 18
GI intolerance, hepatotoxicity, photosensitivity, tooth discoloration
tigecycline time dependent? static or cidal?
no, concentration dependent and static
What is bactrim
sulfonamide
What do sulfonamide do to cell
inhibit folic acid synthesis
Bactrim coverage
gram positive (MRSA; not for strep); gram negative e.coli
bactrim use
UTI, Skin and soft tissue, opportunistic infections (pneumocytosis, nocardia, toxoplasmosis)
ADR Bactrim
photosensitivity, bone marrow suppression, hyperkalemia
DDI Bactrim
warfarin, phenytoin
Bactrim and warfarin
anticoagulant effect can double; reduce warfarin dose by 1/2 to prevent excessive bleeding
bactrim and phenytoin
bactrim can displace phenytoin from binding site, amplifying phenytoin levels
Contraindications for bactrim
folic acid deficiency, G6PD deficiency and sulfa allergy
linezolid coverage
gram positive only (MSSE and VRE)
linezolid use
pneumonia, skin and soft tissue, bacteremia and sepsis
What kind of drug is linezolid
MAOI
linezolid and SSRI
SEROTONIN SYNDROME
linezolid and atypical anti-psychotics
deadly because amplification of NE/E
What do you want to avoid eating with linezolid
tyramine containing food; maintain for 2 weeks after discontinued
is linezolid time or concentration dependent
time
daptomycin coverage
gram postive (MRSA and VRE (3rd line))
daptomycin use
skin and soft tissue, bacteremia and endocarditis, osteomyelitis
daptomycin ADR
musculoskeletal effects (monitor CPK), hematological effect (monitor CBC)
is daptomycin time or concentration dependent
concentration; cidal
daptomycin is not use to treat what disease and why?
pneumonia because it binds to surfactant
synercid coverage
gram positive only (MRSA and VRE (3rd line))
synercid use
skin and soft tissue
synercid ADR
myalgia(monitor CPK), can induce c.diff, hyperbilirubin
is synercid time or concentration dependent
time; cidal
synercid is only effective against with enterococcus
enterococcus faecium (VRE)
metronidazole coverage
gold-standard anaerobic drug
metronidazole use
c. diff (1st line), intra-abdominal infections, vaginosis
metronidazole ADR
BBW- peripheral neuropathy
Do not use metronidazole with?
alcohol because it inhibits acetylaldehye–> toxic hangover
don’t use during treatment or 2-7 days after
muprinocin coverage
gram positive cocci (MSSA and MRSA)
muprinocin use
impetigo and eczema; prevent MRSA from spreading
how to use muprinocin
don’t use for large areas and don’t put on large surgical wounds or open cuts because high resistance rate
What drugs treat MRSA
ceftaroline, clindamycin, tetracyclin, tigecycline, Bactrim, vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, synercid, mupirocin
What drugs treat pseudomonas
Zosyn, Timentin, Aztreonam, Carbapenems (except ertapenem), ceftazidime, cefepime, ciproloxacin, levofloxacin, AMG
What drugs treat C. diff
Metronidazole (first line), oral VANCO (2nd line),fidaxomicin
What drugs cause C. diff
clindamycin, synercid
What is drug of choice for ESBL
Carbapenems (tigecycline 2nd line)
What drugs cause QT prolongation
macrolides, FQN, telavancin
What drugs cause photosensitivity
tetracyclines, tigecycline, bactrim,