MISC PowerPoint Lecture Flashcards
Splenomegaly happens from..
Portal hypertension
What are varices
Distended blood vessels
Levels of ammonia
Children older than 1 month: Less than 50 micromol/L
Adults: Less than 30 micromol/L
100 micromol /L can lead to changes in consciousness.
200 micromol /L is associated with coma and convulsion
How much sodium should a person have per day
1,500 milligrams - 2,300 mg,
about 1 teaspoon of salt.
Who can sterilize your bowles?
Neocan
Neomycin: suppression of normal GI flora / treatment hepatic Encephalopathy
Neomycin used to sterilize bowels and treat hepatic Encephalopathy
Is this kind of antibiotic….
Serious side effects include (2)
Aminoglycosides
Ototoxic/ Nephrotoxic
Avoid combination of Aminoglycosides & this type of medication due to synergistic Ototoxic damage
Loop diuretics
Rifaximin is used to treat….
How does it do so?
Which liver disease does it help to correct
Travlers Diarrhea
Directly affects E. coli
Hepatic Encephalopathy. Lowers ammonia levels
Lactulose is used to treat which liver disease
How?
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Binds ammonia to the poop and you poo it out
Brand name: Reglan
Metoclopramide
Makes you poo quick
Miscarriage is an adverse side effect
Medication of choice in hospital for post-op ilesu
Alvimopan
Assess NG tube every ___ hours for:
Proper placement
Tube patency
Output
4 hrs
Start Colorectal screening at ___ without family history
Age ___ with family history
45
40
Which screenings to get done and when for colorectal cancer
FOBT yearly
CT colonoscopy/ Sigmoid 5 years
Colonoscopy 10 years
Which GI problem relates to anxiety/ depression and is 2-3x more likely in women than men
IBS
Labs:
CBC, serum albumin, ESR, stool for OB
Hydrogen breath test
For which disease….
Normal values
CBC: Hgb 14 - 17 M , 12 - 15 F
Hct: 40 - 50% M 36 - 44 % F
Albumin: 3.4 to 5.4 g/dL
Low Albumin is associated with 3rd spacing
High Albumin is associated with dehydration
ESR
Men under 50: Less than 15 mm/hr
Men over 50: Less than 20 mm/hr
Women under 50: Less than 20 mm/hr
Women over 50: Less than 30 mm/hr
Children: Less than 10 mm/hr
Newborns: 0–2 mm/hr
High ESR levels are associated with Inflammatory response
Elevated intra-abdominal pressure
Elevates systemic and portal venous pressure
Elevates anorectal vein pressure
Distended vessels prolapse becoming….
Hemorrhoids
Conservative treatments
Cold packs
Sitz baths
Topical anesthesia
Lidocaine
Dibucaine
Steroids for itching/ inflammation
Hydrocortisone
High fiber diet
Stool softener (Colace)
For which disease….
Hemorrhoids
Peritonitis
WBC
Hgb & Hct
WBC: UP (Normal)
4,500 and 11,000 WBCs per microliter of blood
Hgb Lower (Normal)
Women 12 - 16 Men 14 - 18
Hct Lower (Normal)
Hgb x 3
Women 36 - 44% Men 40 - 50%
Renal function is impaired with Peritonitis
Describe values for…
GFR
BUN
Levels increase with abnormal
90–120 mL/min/1.73 m2:Normal GFR for an adult male
BUN: 8 - 22
Peritonitis intervention
Minitor for shock
Hypotension
Tachycardia/penia
Pulse pressure down
Administer these types of fluids
Hypertonic
Describe wound healing by primary, secondary, and tirtery intention
Primary: Clean surgical cuts, put together by staples or stitches
Secondary: Left open to heal because wound edges won’t reach eachother
Tirtery: Combination of 1 & 2
Left open to heal until they can be sewn back together
Maxium amount of Tylenol per day
4,000 mg
Acute inflammation of veriform appendix
Slowly =
Rapid =
Slowly = abscess
Rapid = peritonitis (emergency)
With gastroenteritis from food poisoning (Norovirus)
What is the Nursing Safety Priority
Monitor for Dehydration
Gastroenteritis these types of medications may be ordered
Antibiotics
Ciprofloxacin
Azithromycin
UC assessment
Hgb / hct
WBC
C-reactive protein (CRP)
ESR
Na, K, Cl
Albumin
UC assessment
Hgb / hct (Down)
<12 Hgb
<36%
WBC UP
> 12,000
C-reactive protein (CRP) UP
>1 or >0.3 depende
ESR UP
> 20 males >30 female
Na, K, Cl DOWN
NA < 135
K < 3.5
Cl<96 Normal 96 to 106
Albumin LOW
< 3.5
Normal chloride levels
96 to 106
Sulfasalazine
Mesalamine
Drug class
Action
Taken for which disease
Aminosalicylates (also called 5-aminosalicylic acids or 5-ASA) are
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) given to control inflammation
UC or Crohns
Prednisone
Budesonide
Drug class
Action
Glucocortidicoids
Stops inflammation
diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate
Are used to treat
Diarrhea
Anti motility medicine
Flaxseed & Selenium maybe used complementary for which disease
UC
Stricture and deep ulceration (cobblestone appearance) describes the bowels in
Crohns
RBC lab values
5 to 6 million cells per microliter (cells/mcL) for men and 4 to 5 million cells/mcL for women.
Where is pain felt in Crohns disease
CONSTANT RLQ & around umbilicus before / after BM
Priority for a patient with a fistula
Nutrition / Fluid
Electrolyte balance (Hypokalemia)
Patients with crohns BOL for…
Peritonitis, small bowel obstruction, nutritional/ Fluid imbalance
Where is pain felt in Diverticulitis
LLQ
Are antibiotics given for diverticulitis
Yes, metronidazole with:
TMZ or ciprofloxacin
High fiber diet will help diverticulitis flare ups
False, lower fiber during flare ups then once resolved you may have higher fiber
