Kach: GI secretions Flashcards
Histamine-2 receptors
When stimulated release hydrochloric acid
Swallowing is controlled by …
The medulla
Vomiting is controlled by…
The CTZ in the medulla
These medications block the release of Hydrochloric acid in response to Gastin
H² Antagonist
Cimetidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine
Ranitinde
Are examples of this medication
With this effect
Histamine ² Antagonist
Block the release of Hydrochloric acid in response to gastrin
____ work to suppress the secretion of Hydrochloric Acid into the Lumen of the stomach
PPI
( - azole)
Sucralfate
GI protectant coat the stomach and prevent further injury from acid
____ inhibit the secretion of gastrin and increase secretion of mucous liming
Prostaglandin
misoprostol
Cimetidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine
Ranitinde
Are examples of…
With what effect
Histamine ² Antagonist
Block release of Hydrochloric acid in response to gastrin
Famotidine (Pepcid AC)
Nizatidine (Axid AR)
Cimetidine (Tagamet HB)
Ranitinde (Zantac)
Are examples of
H² ANTAGONIST
Block release of Hydrochloric acid in response to gastrin
High levels of H² Antagonist can cause
Cardiac arrhythmias
Adverse effects
Diarrhea/ Constipation
Dizzy, headache, confusion, somnolencia, confusion, Hallucinations
Cardiac arrhythmias & Hypotension
Gynecomastia & Impotence
H² Antagonist
Drug interactions
Anticoagulant
Beta blockers
Alcohol
Quinididine, lidocaine, theophylline, chloroquine,
Benzodiazepine
Tri cyclic antidepressants
Nifedipine, pentoxifylline, Procainamide, carbamazepine
H² Antagonist
Used for:
Short term treatment Duodenal or benign gastric ulcers
Treat pathological hypersecretory conditions
Prophylaxis stress induced ulcers
Erosive GERD
Relief symptoms heartburn & acid indigestion
H² Antagonist
(-tidine)
This GI medicine can cause serious electrolyte imbalance in persons with rental impairment
Sodium Bicarbonate
Main drawbacks for this anti acid are Constipation & Acid rebound
Calcium Carbonate
Magnesium Salt antacids have this side effect
Diarrhea
Heart failure can occur with this antacid
Sodium Bicarbonate
Due to water retention
Which type of GI medication can interfere with the absorption of other medication.
Due to changing the environment of the stomach
Antacids
Turn it Alkaline
Treats
Upset stomach from hyperacidity
Prophylaxis for GI bleed / stress ulcer
Severe diarrhea
Metabolic acidosis
Certain drug intoxication
Antiacids
Gastric rupture
Systemic Alkalosis
(Headache/nausea, irritation, weakness, tetany, confusion)
Hypokalemia
Gastric acid rebound
Antacids
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Esomeprazole (Nexium)
Iansoprazole (Prevacid)
Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant)
Pantoprazole (Protonix)
Rabeprazole (Aciphex)
How do they work
PPI
Supress secretion of Hydrochloric acid into the Lumen of the stomach
Supress gastric secretion by inhibition of the hydrogn-potassium adenosine triphosphate on surface of gastric parietal cells
Blocking the final step in Acid production
PPI
(-Prazole)
Treats
Duodenal ulcers
GERD
Errosive esophagitis
Benign active gastric ulcers
Long-term
Hypersecretory conditions
Maintenance of erosive esophagitis & ulcers
Used in combination with antibiotics for treatment of H pylori
PPI
(Prazole)
Contradictions
Don’t use with rilpivirine (It can treat HIV infection)
PPI
(-Prazole)
Side effects:
Diarrhea, cramps, N/V,
Insomnia, Vertigo
Tongue atrophy
Alopecia, Pruritus
Increase Bone Loss
Cancer
PPI
(-Prazole)
Increased toxicity with use of
Benzodiazepine, phenytoin, warfarin
Decreased levels of
Ketoconazole ( Antifungal)
Theophylline (Bronchodilator)
Don’t use with antiretroviral drugs
Atazanavir
Nelfinavir
Saquinavir
Rilpivirine
PPI
(-Prazole)
Sucralfate (carafate) is….
GI Protectant
Coat injured area and prevent further acid damage
Adverse effects associated with Sucralfate (Carafate)
Mostly GI
Sucralfate (GI protectant) Should not be given with this due to potentially Toxic combinations
Aluminum Salts
Used in
Antacids
Deodorant
Vaccines
Treats
Short term and maintenance of active duodenal ulcers
Oral & esophageal ulcers due to radiation, chemotherapy, sclerotherapy
Sucralfate (Carafate)
GI protectant
Forms an ulcer-adherent complex at the duodenal ulcers site, protecting it from bile,acid,salts, pepsin & Promotes Healing of Ulcer
Inhibits pepsin activity in gastric juices
Sucralfate (carafate)
GI protectant
Inhibits gastric acid secretion and increases bicarbonate and mucous production
Protects the stomach
Prostaglandins
Misoprostol (Cytotec)
Primary use to prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcers
Prostaglandin
Misoprostol (cytotec)
These GI drugs that inhibit gastric secretions and increase bicarbonate/ mucous production can INDUCE MISCARRIAGES
Prostaglandins
Misoprostol (cytotec)
Saliva substitute should be avoid by these types of patients
HF, HTN, renal failure due to it makes the body absorb more Na
Pancreatitic enzymes should be avoided by patients with these allergies
Pork
misoprostol (class)
Do not give to..
Prostaglandins
Pregant women
