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Misc > Misc > Flashcards

Misc Flashcards

1
Q

most common ECG finding in PE

A

sinus tachycardia

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2
Q

3 drugs that increase affect of owarfarin

A

allopurinol
amiodarone
asthma

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3
Q

3 drugs that decrease effect of warwarrin

A

carbamazepine
oestrogen
progesterone

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4
Q

how does alcohol effect INR

A

chronic use decreases INR

binge causes acute liver dysfunction -> impaired warfarin metabolism -> increased INR

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5
Q

when do you have to start dmards in rheumatoid

A

ASAP!!!!!! within 3 month

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6
Q

medical treatment of prostate ca and MOA

A

gnrh analogues. modify release of LH (remember that they paradoxically decrease testosterone even tho they are analogues)
LH antagonists
peripheral androgen receptor antagonists

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7
Q

what symtpoms does uraemia cause

A

anorexia
n&v
pruritus
drowsiness, confusion, fits, coma

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8
Q

v v v important DDx of renal stones

A

AAA!!!!!!!!!

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9
Q

prevention of renal stones

A

hydration
low na diet
normal dairy intake

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10
Q

what to look for if DVT with no risk factors

A

any cancer

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11
Q

main causes of fever, weight loss, night sweats

A

lymphoma
tb
sarcoidosis

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12
Q

disease to think of with proximal muscle wasting

A

cushing’s

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13
Q

o2 aims in child

A

if ≤92%, give o2 up to 94
if on O2 at 97%, wean down
94-97% is a grey area

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14
Q

signs of increased work of breathing (5)

A 
tachypnoeia
sub + intercostal recession
abdo breathing
tracheal tug
head bobbing (v worrying)
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15
Q

which do you treat out of umbilical and inguinal hernias and why

A

inguinal bc tendency to obstruct

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16
Q

causes of recurrent mouth ulcers

A

crohn’s
coeliac
b12, fe def
bad luck!

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17
Q

what is amitriptyline used for? (5)

A

abdo pain (if not responded to laxatives, loperamide or antispasmodics)

  • major depressive disorder (TCA)
  • neuropathic pain
  • migraine prophylaxis
  • tension headach prophylaxis
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18
Q

side effects of amitryptiline (3)

A

anticholinergic syndrome
drowsiness
QT interval prolongation

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19
Q

what class does mirtazapine belong to

A

NaSSA (noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant) - but dr jenny jack didn’t know this!!

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20
Q

why do you do an ECG if dx of HTN? what is shown on the ECG?

A

look for LVH -> sign of end organ damage

V2 and V6 complexes are massive

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21
Q

what is doxazocin used for and what is it’s MOA

A

HTN
BPH
(alpha 1 antagonist)

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22
Q

presentation of chickenpox

A

pyrexia then

CROPS (rather than widespread), mostly on head, neck and trunk

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23
Q

four risk factors for gall bladder disease

A

fair, fat, female, forty

24
Q

investigations for angina

A

myoview
ECG
angiogram
exercise test

25
Q

asbestosis lung change

A

pleural plaques, can develop to mesothelioma

26
Q

when is melatonin used

A

> 55, persistent insomnia. max 13 weeks.

27
Q

what to do if someone has insomnia

A

don’t drive if sleepy in day (no need to inform DVLA)
-good sleep hygine
-short course of benzo or z-drug ONLY if severe daytime impairment. max 4 weeks
CBD if persist after 2 weeks

28
Q

strep and staph, gram positive cocci in what?

A

strep is chains

staph is clusters

29
Q

why worry about mets in a long bone

A

fractures

30
Q

short term SEs with steroids

A

proximal myopathy, insulin resistance (raised BMs), SLIGHT immunosuppression

31
Q

what to give for fungal dermatitis

A

imidazole e.g. clotrimazole, miconazole, or econazole cream

hydrocort 1% if inflammation

32
Q

what fungal skin infections are there?

A 
Skin ringworm (tinea corporis)
Fungal Scalp Infection (Scalp Ringworm)
Athlete's Foot (Tinea Pedis)
Fungal Groin Infection (Tinea Cruris)
Fungal Nail Infections (Tinea Unguium).
33
Q

describe fungal lesions

A

single/multiple red or pink, flat or slightly raised ringed patches
active red scaly advancing edge, clear central area
itchy

34
Q

when to give antivirals in shingles

A 
within 72 hours for any of:
over 50 yo
non-truncal involvement
severe pain/rash
opthalmic invovment
immunocompromised
35
Q

difference between cocodamol and codydramol

A

cocodamol = para + codeine

codidramol = paracetamol and dihydrocodeine

36
Q

codeine analgesia types? 3

A

codeine phosphate
cocodamol
codydromol

37
Q

3 things that save lives in hospital

A

abx, fluids, o2

38
Q

what to initially worry about with flashers and floaters

A

retinal detachment!

39
Q

when to give antiviral (valaciclovir) for genital herpes

A

within 72 h from onset

40
Q

why do NSAIDs cause AKI

A

stop formation of prostaglandins (prostaglandins dilate renal afferent arteriole)

41
Q

normal urine output

A

400-600ml per day

0.5ml/kg/hr over 6 hrs

42
Q

define oliguria

A

<400ml per day

<0.5ml/kg/hr over 6 hrs

43
Q

classification system for advanced gastric cancer

A

borrmann (also use tnm)

44
Q

classification system for colon cancer

A

duke or tnm

45
Q

3 different scoring systems for pancreatitis

A

Glasgow Prognostic Score
Ranson’s Criteria
Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) Score

46
Q

what is torsailles de point

A

type of ventricular tachycardia
occurs in pts with long qt syndrome
rapid, irregular QRS complexes, which appear to be twisting around the ECG baseline
life threatening

47
Q

cauda equina - upper or lower MN signs?

A

both!!!

48
Q

who should you always be careful of NSAIDs in??

A

GORD

asthmatics!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

49
Q

when will a nurse escalate a NEWS score to a doctor

A

> =5

1 parameter = 3

50
Q

when does aortic stenosis syncope occur

A

on exertion

51
Q

what arrhythmias can cause syncope

A 
sick sinus syndrome
SVT
VT
long QT syndrome
Brugada
drug induced
(malfunctioning pacemaker or ICD)
52
Q

which abx can’t you have alc with

A

metranidazole (it is v similar to antabuse!!) so makes you really sick

53
Q

never forget which side effect of beta blockers

A

impotence

54
Q

when prescribing mirtazepine, what should you warn pts

A

if they get any form of acute infection (e.g. sore throat) NEED to have FBC as can cause neutropenia

55
Q

what are the damn drugs (drugs that can cause AKI)

A

diuretics
ACEi/ARBs
metformin
NSAIDs

56
Q

top 10 drugs that cause AEs that result in hospitalisation

A 
NSAIDs incl aspirin
diuretics
warfarin
ace and arb
antidepressants incl lithium
beta blockers
opiates
digoxin
pred
clopidogrel

Misc (20 decks)

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