Misc 4 Flashcards by Hannah Gibson

Describe euthyroid sick syndrome

Abnormal TFTs in euthyroid pts with nonthyroidal systemic illness

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What is ectopia lentis?

Lens dislocation = common in Marfans

Sudden deterioration of vision, usually following trauma

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Medical management of serotonin syndrome

Cyproheptadine (5-HT2A antagonist)

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What is unique to the DSM criteria for bulimia?

Loss of control when eating

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Describe aortic arch dissection

Usually due to trauma

Widened mediastinum - needs CT

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What is telogen effluvium?

Shedding hair loss that occurs after a stressful event (3 mths after)

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What is anagen effluvium?

Diffuse hair loss from chemo

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What is the cut off for portal HTN?

pressure gradient >5

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What features are common in portal HTN?

Caput medusae
Hemorrhoids
Splenomegaly
Esophageal varices

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What is the medical management of essential tremor?

Younger pts = propranolol

Older = primidone

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Management of OCD

SSRIs or clomipramine

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Describe superior mesenteric artery syndrome

Rapid weight loss + GI symptoms (epigastric pain, N/V, early satiety)
Compression of duodenum by aorta + SMA
Diagnose with CT
AXR shows gastric distention

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What genetic conditions cause an increase + decrease in FSH?

Increase = Turners 
Decrease = Kallmans

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What investigation would you do for mulerian agenesis?

MRI urography

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Describe mulerian agenesis

Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome
Absent uterus
Primary amenorrhea with normal secondary sexual characteristics eg breast tissue
46 XX

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What is the triad of symptoms in Lofgrens?

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
Erythema nodosum
Arthralgia

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What meds are used to stimulate the heart in hypothermia?

Bretylium

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What rate of warming is appropriate in hypothermia or frost bite?

> 2C an hour

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What are the CXR findings in transient tachypnea of newborn?

Similar to HF but no enlarged heart

Prominent vasculature

What is pontiac fever?

Acute febrile illness caused by legionella, no resp symptoms

What is the Widal test?

Measures ab against typhoid antigens

Management of epididymitis

Ceftrixone IM + doxycycline 7 days

What is neurocardiogenic syncope?

Vasovagal + vasodepressor
Commonest form
In absence of other forms, this is the most likely

What is situational syncope?

Syncope during cough, dysphagia, constipation, micturition

What is carotid sinus hypersensitivity syncope?

Syncope while shaving, wearing tight collars or turning head to side

What is the management of central retinal artery occlusion?

Ocular massage + carbogen therapy

What is the management of diabetic eye disease?

Laser photocoagulation + ranibizumab

What is the threshold of reduced Hb required for cyanosis?

<50

When does the O2-Hb curve flatten (aka when pulse oximetry is insensitive to change)

Above 60

What is the most common cause of fetal growth restriction?

Maternal HTN

What is the most common cause of pancreatitis?

Biliary tract disease

What is the main complication post kidney transplant + what is diagnostic of this?

Viral infections = 'buffy coat' inclusion bodies | CMV pneumonitis

Describe S+S of TTP + management

``` Pentad of: Hemolytic anemia Thrombocytopenic purpura Neuro abnormalities Fever Renal disease ``` Managed with plasma exchange, steroids, rituximab

What is nail fold microscopy useful in assessing?

Cause of raynauds - in secondary causes, nail fold capillaries are distorted + dilated

Describe the 3 stages of eosinophilic granulomatous polyangitis

1) allergy - asthma/ allergic rhinitis - inflammation of nasal passage can lead to polyps 2) eosinophilia 3) vasculitis of small + medium vessels leading to kidney, lung, GI tract + heart damage

What are the cardinal S+S of nephritic syndrome?

Proteinuria Haematuria HTN Oliguria

Describe symptoms of lateral medullary syndrome

``` Ipsilateral ataxia Nystagmus Dysphagia Facial numbness Cranial nerve palsy Contralateral hemisensory loss ```

Presentation of primary hyperaldosteronism

HTN Hypernatraemia Hypokalaemia Due to increase in aldosterone leading to increased Na resorption + excretion of K = causing HTN

Signs of right sided heart failure

Raised JVP Ankle oedema Hepatomegaly

What info is needed to calculate modified Glasgow score for pancreatitis?

``` PANCREAS PaO2 <8 Age >55 Neutrophilia >15 Calcium <2 Renal function (urea >16) Enzymes LDH + AST Albumin <32 Sugar (glucose) >10 ```

What is nicorandil an example of, what is it mainly used for and what are the key SE?

K channel activator Good for angina SE: headache, flushing, anal ulceration

Describe presentation of 3rd nerve palsy

Large fixed pupul Ptosis Inability to adduct or supraduct eye

What visual field defect is common with a pituitary lesion?

Bi temporal hemianopia due to compression of optic chiasm

What is Hoover's sign?

Distinguishes between organic + functional cause of lower leg weakness If the pt is making an effort, the normal limb pushes down when pt tries to lift 'weak' leg

What is Hoffman's sign?

Reflex test to investigate corticospinal tract lesions

What is an anti-Jo ab indicative of?

(Dermato)myositis