Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Family Medicine > Extra 3 > Flashcards

Extra 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Reye’s syndrome

A

Encephalopathy + liver damage + failure

Due to giving aspirin to kids after flu or chicken pox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe mechanism of transverse myelitis

A

Inflammation of neuron across length of spinal cord

Due to infections, MS or idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

S+S, Dx + Tx of transverse myelitis

A

Affects sensory, motor + autonomic bilaterally
LP with increased WBC, MRI
Tx = cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe mechanism of Charcot-marie tooth

A

Auto dom
Progressive hereditary disorder of PNS
Defective protein in myelin sheath
Onion bulb appearance of myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

S+S of Charcot-marie tooth

A

Muscular atrophy
Weakness + foot drop - hammer toes
Peripheral neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dx + Tx of Charcot-marie tooth

A 
Dx = electromyography + nerve conduction studies + DNA test 
Tx = supportive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mechanism + causes of GBS

A

Demyelinating disease of PNS

Develops after infection; campylobacter jejuni, mycoplasma pneumonia, CMV, EBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

S+S of GBS

A

Paraesthesia to touch + vibration
Weakness + loss of reflexes
Damage to cranial nerves
Autonomic - bladder / bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dx + tx of GBS

A

Dx - LP increased protein/ albumin, nerve conduction studies + EMG
Tx = immunosuppressants, plasmophoresis, IVIG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mechanism of neurofibromatosis

A

Fibrous tumors from nervous system
Type 1 = NF1 - 17
Type 2 = NF2 - 22
Auto dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe type 1 NF

A

Von Recklinhausen

Fibromas formed from Schwann cells, fibroblasts + immune cells 
Painless, mobile lumps under skin 
Cafe au lait spots 
Lisch nodules on iris 
Risk of seizures + learning difficulties
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe type 2 NF

A

Brain, spinal cord + cranial nerve tumors
Bilateral acoustic neuroma (tinnitus + hearing loss)
Meningiomas - compress + cause seizures
Risk of cataracts + hamartomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe Von hippel Lindau

A

genetic disease causing tumors in CNS, kidneys, adrenal glands + PNETS
Most commonly haemangioblastoma in retina + brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe spinal muscular atrophy

A

Autosomal recessive

Reduced deep tendon reflexes, flaccid atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe glioblastoma

A

Highly malignant brain tumor
Rapidly crosses corpus callosum
Pseudopallitating pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe meningioma

A

Subdural

Formed of calcifications called pseumomma bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe oligodendroglioma

A

Typically in frontal lobes (heavily myelinated)

Round nuclei give a fried egg appearance (chicken wire)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe haemangioblastoma

A

Commonly in cerebellum

Slow growing, thin capillaries together

19
Q

Describe mechanism of glaucoma

A

group of disease due to raised IOP that damages optic nerve, due to drainage of fluid blocked

20
Q

Describe open angle glaucoma

A

Slow blockage so gradually increasing IOP
Loss of peripheral vision then central
Outer rim atrophy of optic nerve

21
Q

Describe closed angle glaucoma

A

Due to lens being pushed against iris
sudden increase in IOP
Sudden onset eye pain, redness, blurry vision, N/V, haloes

22
Q

Dx + Tx of glaucoma

A 
Dx = tonometry of IOP, visual field testing + cupping 
Tx = beta adrenergic receptor antagonists
23
Q

Describe mechanism of IgA nephropathy

A

AKA Berger’s disease
IgA deposits in kidneys - immune complex with IgG
Damage causes haematuria
Presents in childhood after infection of mucosal lining (resp or GI)

24
Q

Describe mechanism of Goodpastures

A

Autoimmune disease
affects lungs + kidneys - hemoptysis + hematuria
Autoantibodies bind to collagen (IgG)
Type 3 hypersensitivity

25
Q

Dx + Tx of goodpastures

A

Biopsy - antibasement membrane ab

Steroids + immunosuppressants

26
Q

Describe type 1 renal tubular acidosis

A

Distal - unable to secrete protons

Due to genetic mutation or acquired defect (lithium)

27
Q

Describe type 2 renal tubular acidosis

A

proximal - unable to reabsorb HCO3-

Due to genetics or part of Fanconi syndrome

28
Q

Describe type 3 renal tubular acidosis

A

proximal + distal

29
Q

Describe type 4 renal tubular acidosis

A

Hyperkalaemic acidosis or severe hypovolemia

due to Addisons or SLE/ lithium

30
Q

Tx of renal tubular acidosis

A

Type 1 + 2 = replenish HCO3- + K+ w/ thiazide + loop diuretics
Type 4 = Tx hypoaldosteronism w/ loop diuretics + fludrocortisone

31
Q

Describe mechanism of renal artery stenosis

A 
Reduced blood flow so low BP in kidney 
Kidneys increase systemic BP 
Renin is increased which causes vasoconstriction + Na+ absorption 
Can cause bruits 
String of beads sign
32
Q

Mechanism of sarcoidosis

A

Immune disorder forming nodules around body
Non caseating granulomas
Large multinucleated cells (Langhans giants) w/ Schaumann bodies or asteroid bodies

33
Q

RF for sarcoidosis

A

AA

Infection with TB or borrelia burgodorferi

34
Q

Dx of sarcoidosis

A

Increased Ca + ACE
Bronchoalveolar lavage = increased T cells
Biopsy is definitive

35
Q

Osteopenia vs osteomalacia

A 
Osteopenia = weakened bone, precursor to osteoporosis 
Osteomalacia = softening bone due to low Vit D + Ca
36
Q

Describe causes, S+S, Dx + Tx of encephalitis

A

95% due to HSV
Fever, headache, psych symptoms, seizures, vomiting
LP w/ lymphocytosis + increased protein, PCR for HSV
tX = acyclovir

37
Q

Types of MND

A

ALS = LMN signs in arms, UMN signs in legs
Primary lateral sclerosis = UMN signs only
Progressive muscular atrophy = LMN signs only

38
Q

Dx + Tx of MND

A

Clinical, electromyography shows decreased action potentials with increased amplitude
Tx = riluzole

39
Q

Describe UMN signs

A

Increased tone
Increased reflexes/ clonus
Babinski’s sign present
Weakness is grouped in muscles

40
Q

Describe LMN signs

A

Decreased tone
Atrophy + fasciculations present
Decreased reflexes
Individual muscles weak

41
Q

Describe Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

Cancer caused by HSV-8
Abnormal blood vessels formed in mouth, nose + throat
Biopsy shows spindle cells

42
Q

Describe Nelson’s syndrome

A

Rapid enlargement of ACTH producing adenoma after removal of both adrenal glands (due to Tx for Cushings)
Can cause mass effect

43
Q

What heart valve pathology is carcinoid syndrome associated with?

A

Right sided (TR + PS)

44
Q

S+S of syringomelia

A

Cape loss of sensation to temp only

Spastic weakness of upper limbs, neuro pain + upgoing plantars

Family Medicine (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions