MIS Ch. 4 Flashcards
What are 5 Types of Hardware?
- ) PC
- ) Tablet (or Slate)
- ) Smart Phone
- ) Server
- ) Server Farm
What are the 5 basic Components of Hardware?
- ) CPU
- ) Dual-Processor
- ) Quad-Processor
- ) Main Memory or RAM
- ) Storage Hardware
Server
A computer that supports processing from many remote computers & users
Server Farm
A collection of thousands of servers
Binary Digits/ Bits
0 or 1; used for computer data because they are easy to represent physically
Byte
A character of data; 8 bits
Kilobyte
1,024 bytes
Megabyte (MB)
1,024 kilobytes
Gigabyte (GB)
1,024 megabytes
Terabyte (TB)
1,024 gigabytes
Petabyte (PB)
1,024 terabytes
Exabyte (EB)
1,024 petabytes
Hertz
Cycles that represent the speed of CPUs
Volatile
Contents are lost when power is off
• Cache & main memory
Nonvolatile
Contents survive when power is off
• Magnetic & optical disks
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- The “brain” of the computer
- Selects instructions, processes them, performs arithmetic & logical comparisons, and stores results of operations in memory
Dual-Processor computer
Computer with two CPUs
Quad-Processor computer
Computer with four CPUs
Storage Hardware
Used to save data and programs
Operating System (OS)
A program that controls the computer’s resources
Native Applications
Programs written to use a particular operating system
• Sometimes called “Thick-Client” applications
Thin-Client application
Designed to run within a computer browser, such as Firefox, Chrome, Opera, & Internet Explorer
Modern-Style Applications
Touch-screen oriented and provide context-sensitive pop-up menus
Unix
- An operating system that was developed at Bell Labs in the 1970s
- Has been the workhorse of the scientific & engineering communities
- Seldom used in business
Linux
- A version of Unix that was developed by the open source community
- Computer program that you cannot get a license for, but is instead owned by the open source community
iOS
Operating system used on the iPhone, iPod Touch, & iPad
Symbian
Operating system popular on phones in Europe & the Far East
Android
A mobile operating system licensed by Google
BlackBerry OS
One of the first most successful early mobile operating systems
Windows RT
A version of Windows designed for use on ARM devices
ARM
A computer architecture & instruction set that is designed for portable devices such as phones & tablets
Windows Server
A version of Windows that has been specifically designed & configured for server use
Virtualization
The process by which one computer hosts the appearance of many computers
Host Operating System
Runs one or more operating systems as applications
Virtual Machines (VM)
Hosted operating systems that have disk space and other resources allocated to it
What are the 3 types of Virtualization?
- ) PC Virtualization
- ) Server Virtualization
- ) Desktop Virtualization
PC Virtualization
A personal computer hosts several different operating systems
Server Virtualization
A server computer hosts one or more other server computers
Desktop Virtualization
A server hosts many versions of desktop operating systems
License
Right to use a program
Site License
A flat fee that authorizes a company to install a product on all their computers
Application Software
Performs a service or function
Horizontal-Market Application software
Provides capabilities common across all organizations & industries
Vertical-Market Application software
Serves the needs of a specific industry
One-of-a-Kind Application
Developed for a specific, unique need
Firmware
Computer software that is installed into devices such as printers, print servers, & various types of communication devices
Open Source
The source code of the program is available to the public
Source Code
Computer code as written and understandable by humans
Machine Code
Computer language (0101111001)
Closed Source
The source code is highly protected and only available to trusted employees & contractors
Object-Oriented
Languages that can be used to create difficult, complex applications and results in easily alterable, high-performance code
Mobile Systems
Information systems that support users in motion
User Interface (UI)
The presentation format of an application
• Windows, menus, icons, dialog boxes, toolbars, etc.
User Experience (UX)
The way the application affects the user’s emotions & motivation to continue to use the interface
Chrome
The visual overhead in a computer display
• Windows, menus, etc.
Direct Interaction
Using content to drive application behavior
Context-Sensitive Chrome
Provided by mobile applications; pops up in the display when appropriate
Charms
Icons that slide in from the right of the display
• Ex: Share
Roaming
When users move their activities, especially long-running transactions, across devices
Push Data
Data that the server sends to, or pushes onto, the device
Pull Data
Data that the device requests from the server
BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) Policy
A statement concerning employers’ permissions & responsibilities when they use their own device for organizational business
Mobile Device Management (MDM) Software
Products that install & update mobile-device software, backup & restore mobile devices, wipe software & data from devices, and report usage
