Miracle machine Year 9 Yearly Flashcards
What are all living thing made out of
Cells
What does multicellular
Composed of many cells
What do red blood cells do
Carry oxygen through the body
What do nerve cells
They relay messages from one part of the body to another
What is tissue made of
A group of similar cells
What are organ made of
Each organ is made of a specific type of tissue
What do organs do
Organs are parts of systems and allow them to work
What are systems made of
Organs form parts the parts of a system
What do systems do
They work together to keep the organism alive
List all the systems in the body(10)
- Respiratory
- Nervous
- Digestive
- Excretory
- Skeletal
- Muscle
- Endocrine
- Reproductive
- Circulatory
- Immune
Which two systems make the body function
Nervous and endocrine
List some examples of tissue(4)
- Tendon
- Muscle tissue
- cartilage
- ligament
List some examples of cells(2)
- Blood cells
- neurones
List some examples of organelles(6)
- mitochondria
- chloroplast
- nucleus
- vacuole
- lysosomes
- ribosome
How does the respiratory system get oxygen into the blood stream (4)
- The oxygen is taken in through mouth or nose
- Travels through trachea,bronchi and bronchioles
- Enters the lungs
- Oxygen is the diffused into the blood stream
How does the circulatory system move oxygenated blood to the cells(4)
- the oxygenated blood travels to the pulmonary vein to the heart
- is taken through aorta out of the heart
- the blood is taken into smaller blood vessels
- goes into capillaries and the oxygen diffuses into the fluid surrounding the cells.
What does the digestive system do(2)
- breaks down food
- substances are diffused into the blood of the capillaries on the villi which are located in the small intestines
What does the excretory system do(1)
-The elimination of waste produced by homeostasis
What are enzymes
The proteins that regulate chemical reactions in the body
What is homeostasis
The process that need to be kept constant in the human body
What does homeostasis regulate (6)
- Body temperature
- sugar levels
- hydration
- oxygen levels
- salt levels
- acid/base levels
Which system regulates homeostasis
The nervous system
The steps of negative feedback
- a change in the body is elected
- a message is sent to a gland or organ
- a response is initiated returning it to a normal state
What is negative feedback
The process of returning things to a normal state
What is positive feedback
When something normal in the body is amplified
How are changes detected in and out of the body
Receptor cells
Types of receptor cells
- Chemoreceptors
- Photoreceptors
- Mechanoreceptors
- Thermoreceptors
What do chemoreceptors detect for
Chemicals
What do photoreceptors detect
Light
What do mechanoreceptors detect
Pressure or distortion
What do Thermoreceptors detect
Heat
What happens when a receptor cell detects a stimulus
A nerve impulse is sent
What is a nerve impulse
A message that travels along the nerve cells as a progressive wave of electric and chemical activity to the central nervous system
What is the iris
The iris is :
the coloured part of the eye
A ring of muscle that adjust the amount of light that is let into the eye
What is the pupil
The pupil controls how much light is taken in
What is the cornea
Curved outer layer that bends the light towards the pupil
What is the retina
It is the curved back surface where all the sight receptors
What does the central nervous system consists of
Brain and spinal chord
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of
The nerves
Types of neurones
Sensory
Interneuron
Motor Neurones
Effectors
What do sensory neurones do
Carry nerve impulses from sense organs to central nervous system
What do interneurons do
Carry impulses through the central nervous system
What does the motor neurones do
Take the impulse to effectors such as muscles or glands
What are effectors
Structures that respond to stimulas
What is a neuron
A long cell body containing a nucleus
What are dendrites
Fine branches that extend from on cell to another
Whats a axon
Long structure which nerve impulses pass along
What is a reflex arc
A nervous pathway that controls your reflexs
What are the three main sections of the brain
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem
Facts on the cerebrum
90% of the brains volume 2 grey hemisphere Is grey coloured due to the grey matter Controls memory and speech and thought Controls Conscious action
Purpose cerebellum
Controls balances and muscle action
What does the brain stem do
Responsible for our unconscious thought e.g. breathing heart beat and digestion
