Earth Term 1 Test Flashcards
List all 5 layers of the earth (outside-inside)
Crust
Mantle
Outer-core
Inner-core
What move the plates around
The semi solid mantle moves moving the plates with it
What causes the mantle to move
Convection currents
How do convection currents work?
Hot magma rises as the cooler magma goes down and then goes in a big cycle
What causes Earthquakes
When the plates are exposed to stress due to the constant bending they break and they move under one another vibrating and shifting the ground.
What other natural disasters are caused by Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Tsunami
How are volcanoes created
Magma exerts pressure on the rock until it cracks allowing the magma to move through eventually creating a volcano
What is the continental drift theory?
A theory that talks about all the continents breaking apart from one super continent form what we know as earth today.
What is pangea
The super continent that for,ed all the other continents
What where the two continents that broke from pangea
Laurasia
Gondwana
How do we know that the layers of the earth a solid or liquid
By using the types of earthquake waves, because some waves can’t go through solids and some can’t go through liquids easily
List the 3 types of waves
P: primary wave
S: secondary wave
L: love wave
What types of waves are p,s,l waves body or surface
P: body waves
S: body waves
L: surface waves
What is a surface wave
Surface waves are waves that go along the surface of an earthquake
What do body waves do
Body waves travel through the earths layers
What was the name of the super ocean
Panthalassa
What is the name given to the most affected place of the earthquake called
Epicentre
What is the source of the earthquake called
Focus
What evidence is there to support the continental drift theory
Continents fit like a jigsaw puzzle
Fossils and rock types match where the continents where once joined.
Fossils being found in wrong climates
The types of earth movements
Transform fault
Divergent
Convergent
What are the effects of a transform fault
They create earthquakes
What are the effects of a convergent
They create tsunamis and volcanoes
What are the effect of a divergent
It creates a trench that allows the magma to seap through creating a volcanic ridge
What are the three types of volcanoes
Shield
Cinder cone
Composite
What are the characteristics of a cinder cone volcano
Lava spew is very small
What are the characteristics of a shield volcano
Occur at hotspots
Create islands
What are the characteristics of a composite volcano
Very steep
Where are earthquakes and volcanoes located more commonly
They are more commonly located where the plates meet
Why do volcanoes and earthquakes occur more commonly at tectonic plate boundaries
Because this is where the plates collide and pull apart allowing for earthquakes and volcanoes
What crust is more dense continental or oceanic
Oceanic
