Mini Exam 3

Question 1

Vegetative growth

Answer 1

Bacteria metabolizing and dividing as normal (binary fission)

Question 2

Sporulation

Answer 2

Formation of an endospore; a non-metabolic cell, through asymmetric cell division

Question 3

Germination

Answer 3

Re-enter vegetative growth

Question 4

Endospore

Answer 4

non-metabolic cell
- inner and outer membranes
- peptidoglycan cortex
- protective protein coat

Question 5

Eukaryotic flagella and cilia

Answer 5

9+2 microtubule doublets
- covered with plasma membrane
- dynein mediated motility
- whip-like motion (prokaryotes SPIN; prokaryotes pirouette)

Question 6

Dynein

Answer 6

motor protein

Question 7

Plant cell wall

Answer 7

cellulose polysaccharides with glucose monomers

Question 8

Fungi cell wall; chitin, NAG

Answer 8

Chitin polysaccharides with NAG monomers

Question 9

Plasma membrane (eukaryotic)

Answer 9

similarities to prokaryotes: phospholipid bilateral, passive and active transport
Differences: glycoproteins, glycolipids, cholesterol, bulk transport

Question 10

Glycoproteins

Answer 10

In eukaryotic plasma membrane

Question 11

Glycolipids

Answer 11

In eukaryotic plasma membrane

Question 12

Cholesterol

Answer 12

In eukaryotic plasma membrane

Question 13

Ergoesterol

Answer 13

In fungi and Protozoa plasma membrane; alternative to cholesterol

Question 14

Microfilaments

Answer 14

actin; cell protrusions (phagocytosis and cell crawling with pseudopods

Question 15

Intermediate filaments

Answer 15

Cell structure/rigidity (keratin, laminin in nuclear envelope)

Question 16

Microtubules

Answer 16

Cell highway system; flagella/cilia, chromosome segregation

Question 17

Phagocytosis

Answer 17

Microfilament (actin) mediated; engulfing of a large object

Question 18

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 18

Uses cage-like molecules to curve membrane inward

Question 19

Pinocytosis

Answer 19

uses microfilaments (actin) to “drink” from environment

Question 20

Ribosome (40S + 60S = 80S)

Answer 20

Larger in eukaryotes

Question 21

Chromatin

Answer 21

DNA + histone proteins

Question 22

Histone

Answer 22

Compacts genome to be organized in the nucleus

Question 23

Endomembrane system

Answer 23

nuclear envelope, ER, golgi, vesicles, and plasma membrane

Question 24

Nucleus

Answer 24

Holds DNA; covered by nuclear envelope

Question 25

Rough ER

Answer 25

Where integral and extra cellular proteins are made and glycosylated; ribosomes bound

Question 26

Smooth ER

Answer 26

Makes lipids

Question 27

Golgi

Answer 27

Modifies sugars on proteins, packages proteins

Question 28

Vesicles

Answer 28

Transport btwn organelles

Question 29

Mitochondria

Answer 29

DNA organelle; location of cellular respiration; in almost all eukaryotic cells
- contains DNA and ribosomes
- has inner and outer membranes

Question 30

Chloroplast

Answer 30

DNA organelle; location of photosynthesis; in plant and algae cells
- contains DNA and ribosomes
- has inner and outer membranes

Question 31

Lysosome

Answer 31

Digestive organelle

Question 32

Vacuole

Answer 32

Storage compartment; central vacuole in plants and fungi

Question 33

Peroxisomes

Answer 33

Oxidizes metabolites and decomposes H2O2

Question 34

Yersinia pestis

Answer 34

• gram negative coccobacillus bacteria
• Black Death; 30-60% population dead
• rodent reservoir; flea vector
• slime layer; not phagocytosed
• lives in lymph nodes; buboes

Question 35

Vibrio cholerae

Answer 35

• gram negative facultative anaerobe
• cholera; watery stool
• contaminated drinking water
• cholera toxin—enzyme that targets cell signaling
• several vaccines; 2016: live attenuated

Question 36

Lab material and Multitudes