Minerals Flashcards
Plays a well-known role in the structural integrity of the skeleton and is essential for skeletal muscle contraction along with other electrical signaling functions.
Calcium (essential nutrient)
Blood Calcium Levels
8.4 to 9.5 mg/dL.
Most abundant Mineral
Calcium (essential nutrient)
Has been implicated in regulating insulin signaling, with some data suggesting that it may enhance insulin sensitivity and/or decrease insulin resistance
Chromium
Trace element that works to improve insulin signaling by modulating chromodulin, a protein that augments the signaling of insulin receptors
Chromium
Essential mineral and helps balance the redox system in the human body
Copper
Results in seizures, brain atrophy, and hypotonia and is corrected by early copper supplementation
Menkes Disease
Nonessential mineral that, when consumed in low quantities, can be considered a beneficial ingredient for preventing cavities in teeth.
Fluoride
Central in hundreds of metabolic processes, with the storing, transporting, and delivery of oxygen via hemoglobin and myoglobin being the most important of its myriad roles
Iron
Involved in the electron transport chain and neurotransmitter production
Iron
Heme is primary made of?
Hemoglobin and Myoglobin
Involved in over 300 biochemical reactions that span the full spectrum of human metabolism: from digestion to nervous system activity to glucose regulation and protein synthesis
Magnesium
_______________is conjugated to ATP; most ATP in the human body is found as ________________
Magnesium; MgATP
Intimately involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and in the ion channels that regulate calcium flux and potassium flux across membranes.
Magnesium
Magnesium is important in many chronic diseases, specifically
Diabetes. People with Type 2 diabetes are more likely to have lower levels of serum magnesium and supplementation with magnesium has been shown to improve glucose metabolism and markers of insulin sensitivity
Magnesium supplementation lowers
Fasting glucose, LDL-c, and triglycerides and raised HDL-c in people with Type 2 diabetes
The maximal daily intake of mercury recommended by the World Health Organization (2017)
2 micrograms/kg/day
Required for energy production and maintaining cellular viability. Phosphorous is the central molecule in phosphate, which is part of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy molecule that facilitates virtually every biochemical reaction.
Phosphorus
Required for maintaining concentration gradients, fluid volume, and cardiac rhythm
Potassium
Serve as antioxidants or in the regeneration of antioxidants. Specifically, thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase
Selenium
________________ exerts its toxicity in the human body by displacing selenium and substantially impairing the antioxidant systems in the body
Mercury
A mineral that provides structure to cells and helps reactions occur – it is the most abundant intracellular of the trace elements and plays regulatory roles in transcription via transcription factors, stabilizes nucleic acids, and is necessary for the creation of tubulin, giving cells their internal rigid structure and allowing them to properly maintain their shape and function.
Zinc
Primarily an extracellular fluid; essential for maintaining gradient balance, fluid status, and cardiac rhythm
Sodium
Can lead to malaise, nausea, cramps, headache, and slurred speech, with extreme cases leading to cardiac arrest and death.
Hyponatremia
