Ch 9: Alcohol Structure and Function

Question 1

Ethyl Alcohol

Answer 1

Ethanol

Question 2

Chemical Structure of Ethanol

Answer 2

Two Carbons and a Hydroxyl Group

Question 3

Energy in Ethanol

Answer 3

7.1 Kcal per gram

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

Chemical Processes occurring within the body to convert food into energy

Question 5

Alcohol Absorption in the Stomach

Answer 5

Absorbed in the gastric mucosa by Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) during First Pass Metabolism

Question 6

First Pass Metabolism

Answer 6

Initial metabolism of alcohol in the stomach

Question 7

Rate of Absorption of Alcohol

Answer 7

Also known as BAC (Blood Alcohol Content)
Factors include: Sex, Body Mass, type of beverage, contents in the stomach (Primary determinant) and speed of consumption

Question 8

Blood Alcohol Content (BAC)

Answer 8

The amount of Ethanol in the blood relative to Water

Question 9

Food and Alcohol

Answer 9

Food reduces the rate of alcohol, increases the rate of metabolism, reduces the rate and rise of BAC

Question 10

Gender water content

Answer 10

Male: 68% Female: 55%

Question 11

Effects of Alcohol: Male vs. Female

Answer 11

Differences in body size, body composition, and enzyme activity mean that females will respond very differently to males when consuming the same amount of alcohol. This needs to be considered when using standard blood alcohol content estimation tools that only compare number of drinks to bodyweight
Men–More Body Water, Greater First Pass Metabolism

Question 12

Metabolism of Alcohol in the Liver

Answer 12

90% of Alcohol is metabolized by the liver by ADH

Question 13

Rate of Metabolism of Alcohol in the Liver

Answer 13

0.25 oz (7 grams) per hour

Question 14

Metabolism of Alcohol in the body (outside of the liver)

Answer 14

10% by Breath, Sweat and Urine

Question 15

Products of Alcohol Metabolism

Answer 15

Metabolism of Alcohol by ADH results in Acetaldehyde and NADH

Question 16

Metabolism of Acetaldehyde

Answer 16

Accomplished by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) into Acetate

Question 17

Acetate

Answer 17

Product of Metabolism of Acetaldehyde; typically nontoxic. Taken up by Skeletal and Cardiac muscle and Brain Cells. Converted into acetyl-CoA and used in the Krebs cycle

Question 18

Moderate Drinking

Answer 18

1 standard drink/day for females, 2 standard drinks/day for males

Question 19

High Risk Drinking for Females

Answer 19

Four or more standard drinks are consumed per day or if eight or more standard drinks are consumed per week

Question 20

High Risk Drinking for Males

Answer 20

Five or more drinks per day or 15 or more drinks per week is considered high-risk alcohol consumption.

Question 21

Binge Drinking

Answer 21

Single episode of drinking where more than four or five standard drinks are consumed, by females and males, respectively, over a short time period.

Question 22

Standard Drink

Answer 22

0.6 ounces (14 grams)

Question 23

Discretionary Energy

Answer 23

Energy left over in a diet once nutritional requirements have been met

Question 24

Recommended Calories for Discretionary Energy

Answer 24

270 Kcal/day

Question 25

Used to identify an individual’s habitual alcohol consumption

Answer 25

U.S Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (USAUDIT-C)

Question 26

Positive U.S Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (USAUDIT-C)

Answer 26

A total score of seven or more for males and five or more for females is a positive score