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Act - Cognition & Causality > Minds And Bodies > Flashcards

Minds And Bodies Flashcards

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SAT® Prep flashcards
0
Q

What are the two main factions of Monism?

A

Idealism and Materialism

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1
Q

What is Monism?

A

The idea that either only the mind or only the body exist - they do not co-exist

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2
Q

What is Idealism?

A

Idealism is a Monist theory which claims that the entire world is a product of our minds, and that nothing physical exists in reality

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3
Q

What is Materialism?

A

Materialism is a Monist theory which claims that only material things exist and that there is no such thing as the mind

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4
Q

What is Dualism?

A

Dualism is a theory that both the mind and the body exist and can interact with or influence one another

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5
Q

What are the two main branches of Dualism?

A

Substance Dualism and Property Dualism

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6
Q

What is Substance Dualism?

A

Substance Dualism is a Dualist theory which claims that the mind and body are made up of two different substances, and each cannot function as the other functions

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7
Q

What is Property Dualism?

A

Property Dualism is a Dualist theory which claims that while the mind and body are separate, the mind can only exist within the body (and so is reliant on it)

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8
Q

What is Cutaneous Rabbit Effect (CRE)?

A

Rapid taps to the wrist and elbow can creat the illusion of touches between the two, as if a rabbit was hopping between the two

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9
Q

What does the Cutaneous Rabbit Effect (CRE) illustrate?

A

CRE is used to illustrate how the brain can construct subjective experiences to make sense of physical sensation

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10
Q

What does the Cutaneous Rabbit Effect (CRE) indicate about the interaction between the mind and the body?

A

CRE shows that the mind can make assumptions and ghost sensations to explain real world stimuli. This indicates that the mind can influence the body

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11
Q

What does the Cutaneous Rabbit Effect indicate about the perception of time?

A

It indicates that time and space are jointly represented in the brain, and that the neural codes used to represent spatial locations may have temporal properties

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12
Q

What is the Interactive Substance theory?

A

The theory that mental and physical substances interact directly with each other

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13
Q

What is Psychophysical Parallelism?

A

Mental and Physical substances exist in parallel and do NOT interact with each other

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14
Q

What are the problems with Dualism?

A

~ How does interaction take place?
~ How does localisation occur?
~ How can physical changes cause changes in mental state?

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15
Q

What is Epiphenomenalism?

A

A Materialist theory that states the mind is a by-product of the brain, and cannot influence the brain

16
Q

What is Identity Theory?

A

A Materialist Theory that claims that the state of the mind correlates with the state of the brain

17
Q

What is Functionalism?

A

A theory which claims that mental states have a functional relationship with the body wrt behaviour. It can be applied to both Materialism and Dualism

18
Q

What is Emergent Interactionism?

A

A Materialist theory that states the mind and brain interact, and through this interaction states of mind emerge from states of brain

19
Q

Who were the developers and main supporters for Epiphenomenalism?

A

Latter day Behaviourists

20
Q

What are the main principles of Epiphenomenalism?

A

~ Behaviourist theories of learning

~ Human behaviour is environmentally determined

21
Q

What is the main criticism of Epiphenomenalism?

A

It does not explain or account for the fact our mental states appear to have causal power

22
Q

What are the main problems with Identity Theory?

A

~ Too narrow an approach if limiting minds only to brains (should also expand to computers, etc. in theory)
~ A subjective experience is different from the brain state associated with it

23
Q

What is Emergent Interactionism?

A

A late Materialist theory claiming that the mind interprets brain states and translates them into mental states.

24
Q

What does Emergent Interactionism imply about causation?

A

It implies Downward Causation but ignores Upward Causation

25
Q

What is the main criticism for Emergent Interactionism?

A

It implies Downward Causation but ignores Upward Causation. These two forms of causation complement each other and work in concert. They are not mutually exclusive

26
Q

What is Functionalism?

A

Being in a particular mental state is determined by the functional role of the state

27
Q

What is the Computational Mind?

A

The brain is a computer (hardware) and the mind is a program (software)

28
Q

What is the criticism for Functionalism?

A

Conscious states can not be exhaustively analysed in terms of function

Act - Cognition & Causality (9 decks)

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