Milestones 0-6 months

Question 1

observations at month 0 in prone

Answer 1

1. head to side w/weight on cheek
2. may briefly lift head
3. elbow behind shoulders
4. hands generally fisted while prone due to Palmar Grasp Reflex
5. Turns head torwards stimulus on cheek

Question 2

observations at month 0 in supine

Answer 2

1. wide movements of arms
2. recoil with passive extension
3. rhythmic kicking when active

Question 3

observations at month 0 during pull to sit

Answer 3

total head lag during pull to sit

Question 4

observations at month 0 in sitting

Answer 4

unable to maintain head lift

Question 5

observations at month 1 in prone

Answer 5

1. able to briefly lift head
2. elbows behind shoulders

Question 6

observations at month 1 in supine

Answer 6

1. wide movements of arms
2. recoil with passive extension
3. rhythmic kicking when active

Question 7

observations at month 1 in supported sitting

Answer 7

1. insufficient neck control to lift head

Question 8

observations at month 1 in pull to sit

Answer 8

1. head lag

Question 9

observations at month 2 in prone

Answer 9

1. elbows behind shoulders

Question 10

observations at month 2 in supine

Answer 10

1. increased cervical extension and rotation
2. increased mobility of shoulders, most notably into abduction
3. opening hands
4. actively moving into greater hip and knee extension using bilateral and symmetrical kicking patterns
5. resting position of LE continues to be hip flexion, abduction and ER

Question 11

observations at month 2 in supported sitting

Answer 11

1. briefly lifts head, unable to maintain

Question 12

observations at month 2 during pull to sit

Answer 12

1. attempts to lift heads

Question 13

observations at month 2 during standing

Answer 13

1. due to strong ATNR reflex, month 2 is not an ideal time to evaluate motor progress

Question 14

observations at month 3 in prone

Answer 14

1. lifts head to 45-90 degrees and maintains with control
2. may rotate head while lifted to track 180 degrees
3. elbows in line with or in front of shoulders
4. frog legs

Question 15

observations at month 3 in supine

Answer 15

1. emergence of symmetry and midline orientation
2. alert and aware of environment
3. increased shoulder ROM to 90 degrees flexion
4. hands to mouth and self-exploration
5. kicking with symmetrical and reciprocal LE patterns

Question 16

observations at month 3 in sitting

Answer 16

1. extends back in supported sitting
2. rights head with hyperextension

Question 17

observations at month 3 during pull to sit

Answer 17

1. initial head lag
2. no chin tuck

Question 18

obervations at month 3 in standing

Answer 18

1. supports weight on both feet

Question 19

observations at month 3 with object manipulation

Answer 19

1. emergence of symmetry and midline orientation
2. translation of grasped obj for viewing or to put it mouth
3. reaching for obj

Question 20

observations at month 4 in prone

Answer 20

1. lifts head to 90 degrees in midline
2. bears weight on forearms

Question 21

observations at month 4 in supine

Answer 21

1. reaches hands to knees (flexion)
2. head/neck control
   
   • eyes to track
   • hands together and hands to face
   • LE mirror UE when reaching (arms flex, legs flex)

Question 22

observations at month 4 during supported sitting

Answer 22

1. stabilizes head in midline

Question 23

observations at month 4 during transitions

Answer 23

1. supine to sidelying
   
   • able to roll from supine to sidelying independent
   • facilitates movement with upper arm and LE dissociation
2. pull to sit
   
   • anticipatory strategy → flexes head and tucks chin in anticipation of pull to sit

Question 24

observations at month 4 during supported standing

Answer 24

1. supports weight on both feet

Question 25

observations at month 5 in prone

Answer 25

1. pushes up onto extended arms
2. reaching
3. toy manipulation

Question 26

observations at month 5 in supine

Answer 26

1. hands to feet, feet to mouth
2. use of vision
3. tuck chin when engaged in flexion activities
4. kicks with dissociated movements

Question 27

observations at month 5 in sitting

Answer 27

1. briefly maintains position
2. uses trunk extensors
3. LE in ring sitting position

Question 28

observations at month 5 during transitions

Answer 28

1. rolling
   
   • symmetrically flexed to initiate
   • laterally flexes neck and trunk in side lying
   • bears weight on arms and reaches with the other
   • once in side lying, top leg remains flexed and abducted, bottom leg extends
2. pull to sit
   
   • no head lag
   • anticipatory strategy

Question 29

observations at month 5 in standing

Answer 29

1. bouncing

Question 30

observations at month 6 in prone

Answer 30

1. prone
   
   • pivoting
   • WB on extended arms
   • may push up into quadruped
   • elbows in front of shoulders
   • reaching
2. prone pivot

Question 31

observations at month 6 in supine

Answer 31

1. supine
   
   • controlled and purposeful movements
   • midline play
   • reaches with one of both hands
2. supine holding feet

Question 32

observations at month 6 in sidelying

Answer 32

1. able to play in sidelying w/o falling forward or backward

Question 33

observations at month 6 in sitting

Answer 33

1. sitting
   
   • sits erect w/o support
   • head control
   • forward protective extension
2. righting reaction
   
   • vertical righting
   • infant orients head and trunk to vertical when tilted laterally

Question 34

observations at month 6 during transitions

Answer 34

1. prone to supine → maintains control of head
2. supine to prone
   
   • lateral head righting reaction on reaching sideline
   • scapula dissociation: base arm providing support, top arm to play and reach
   • legs finish in extension

Question 35

observations at month 6 in standing

Answer 35

1. bouncing
2. accepts weight on both feet