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History GCSE AQA > Migration: Key People > Flashcards

Migration: Key People Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Alfred the Great associated with?

A
  • King of Wessex
  • First king of England
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2
Q

What did Alfred the Great do?

A
  • Beat the Vikings at the battle of Edington in May 878 AD
  • He made sure that the Viking leader converted to Christianity
  • Split England into Danelaw and Wessex
  • Improved English defence
  • set up the Navy
  • Introduced education to everyone
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3
Q

How was Alfred the Great significant during his reign?

A

Made peace with the Vikings after the Battle of Edington. He let them live in Danelaw, which bought about Viking influence into the English way of life

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4
Q

How was Alfred the Great significant after his reign?

A
  • Brought unification to England
  • Many English people saw him as the one ‘overlord’
  • encouraged education and speaking of one language: English
  • Formed the English identity
  • Cultural aspects of the country merged into one
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5
Q

What was King Cnut associated with?

A
  • Sven Forkbeard’s son
  • inherited the English throne after his father’s death
  • King of North Sea Empire
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6
Q

What did King Cnut do?

A
  • Brought an era of peace that lasted nearly 20 years
  • bought back many popular and fair laws
  • Saw England as his main colony
  • Married Emma of Normandy
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7
Q

Why was King Cnut significant was significant during his reign?

A
  • Maintained relations with his entire empire
  • grew closer with England (main colony)
  • kept peace for 20+ years
  • religious man, strengthened relations with church by marrying Emma
  • Returned popular laws
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8
Q

What is Emma of Normandy associated with?

A
  • used to be Aethelred’s wife
  • remarried to Cnut
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9
Q

What did Emma of Normandy do?

A
  • Married Aethelred and had Edward the Confessor
  • Married Cnut and had Harthacnut and Harold
  • Strong leader who was respected and listened to when Cnut travelled his empire
  • imrpoved relations with the Church and helped to bring peace to England
  • good with money
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10
Q

Why is Emma of Normandy significant?

A
  • Her marriage to Aethelred meant that the Vikings stopped using Normandy as a base, promoting peace
  • Married to Cnut to improve relations with Normandy and Scandanavia
  • Looked after the country when Cnut went to Rome
  • Managed Cnut’s money
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11
Q

Who was Henry II associated with?

A
  • Duke of Normandy
  • grandson of Henry I, son of Matilda
  • King of the Angevin Empire
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12
Q

What did Henry II do?

A
  • Built a whole empire in his own reign
  • inherited Normandy from mum, land in Anjou from his father
  • married Eleanor of Aquitaine
  • Reorganised English Justice system by introducing courts and jails
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13
Q

What countries were included in the Angevin Empire?

A
  • England
  • Normandy
  • Anjou
  • Aquitaine
  • Brittany
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14
Q

How was Henry II significant during his reign?

A
  • Created the first British empire
  • Was an effective ruler, organising the justice system
  • Managed to visit his entire empire: crossed the English Channel 30 times in his 30 year reign
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15
Q

What is John Hawkins associated with?

A
  • English Privateer
  • First British slave trader
  • responsible for building the navy
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16
Q

What did John Hawkins do?

A
  • Britain’s first slave trader; was supported and funded by Elizabeth I as it was profitable
  • privateer: had permission of the monarch to steal from ships if a share was given to them
  • knighted during the Spanish Armada
  • responsible for building Elizabethan navy
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17
Q

How was John Hawkins significant during his life?

A
  • Privateer: key in maintaining the economy by stealing from other ships
  • Slave trader: 1562, profitable, led to riches and being knighted
  • Helped Elizabeth in Spanish Armada
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18
Q

What was the long term significance of John Hawkins?

A

Slave trade: set into motion one of Britain’s most economically beneficial industry for the next few years

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19
Q

What was Walter Raleigh associated with?

A
  • Elizabeth’s favourite
  • Privateer
20
Q

What did Walter Raleigh do?

A
  • Joined his half brother on a piratical expidition against the Spanish
  • 1585: he spent an expedition to explore the Florida north coast, and named it Virginia
  • knighted in 1585
21
Q

Why was Walter Raleigh significant during his lifetime?

A
  • travelled to America to set up colonies in Virginia
  • Discovered the potential and the problems with colonisation
22
Q

Why is Walter Raleigh significant after his reign?

A
  • Inspired the creation of other colonies such as Plymouth and Jamestown
  • Became known as the father of American colonies
23
Q

Whay was Robert Clive associated with?

A

Became governor and commander in chief of Bengal

24
Q

What did Robert Clive do?

A
  • joined EIC army and proved himself as an effective and ruthless leader
  • becamoe governor of Bengal and won the Battle of Plassey 1757
  • Oversaw the plunder of the region and made a personal fortune
  • decreased powers of Indian princes
  • Gained land
  • his own greed and mismanagement increased the devastating effects of the Bengal famine, where - 10 million died
  • government criticised him for corruption
25
Q

How was Robert Clive significant in his life?

A
  • effective military leader
  • Gave Britain great profits from India
  • won Battle of Plassey and gained Bengal for EIC
26
Q

How was Robert Clive significant after his lifetime?

A
  • massively worsened bengal famine
  • tarnished reputation
  • criticised by Parliament for corruption
27
Q

Who was Warren Hastings?

A
  • First Governor General of India
28
Q

What did Warren Hastings do?

A
  • Strengthens British control in India and establish it as part of the British Empire
  • Reformed India:
  • reorganised tax systems
  • tightened anti-corruption laws
  • dealt with theiving gangs
  • ended his career in controversy
  • accused of corruption, mismanagement and poor military judgement but was found not guilty
  • Key figure in establishing India as part of the British Empire
29
Q

Why was Warren Hastings significant during his life?

A
  • Established India as part of the British Empire
  • Brought in riches for Britain and funded Empire
30
Q

Why is Warren Hastings significant in the long term?

A
  • reformed india by changing tax systems + enhanced public security by stopping gangs
  • preserved Indian traditions and systems
  • Known as the key figure in developing india
31
Q

Who was Cecil Rhodes?

A

Prime Minister of Cape Colony

32
Q

What did Cecil Rhodes do?

A
  • social darwinist: believed that stronger countries had the right to take over weaker ones to get stronger
  • 1890 Cape Colony Prime Minister
  • Made a fortune in gold and diamonds
  • formed De Beers, a jewellery making company in 1888
  • Used money and political skill to gain more control and land
  • caused the Boer War
33
Q

Why was Cecil Rhodes significant in his lifetime?

A
  • Brought vast wealth to Britain and made South Africa more powerful. Did this through gold and diamonds
  • initiated Boer War and gained land from it
34
Q

Why is Cecil Rhodes significant in the long term?

A
  • Controversial: introduced a law that pushed black people out of their lands and increased their taxes
  • Some argue that he was a man of the time, and he ultimately empowered the British Empire, supported foreign students through Oxford after death
35
Q

Who was Gandhi?

A

Indian Freedom fighter

36
Q

What did Gandhi do?

A
  • served as a lawyer, politician and activist in the struggle for social justice and Indian independence
  • Held peaceful protests and marches, eg: salt march
  • Boycotted British goods and made his own clothes
  • Imprisoned during WW2
  • Was a pedophile
37
Q

Why was Gandhi significant during his life?

A
  • Boycotted British goods, which set an example to Indians that they didn’t need to rely on British goods to sustain their lifestyle
  • pacifist
38
Q

Why was Gandhi significant after his life?

A
  • fought for equality and justice
  • paved the way for indian identity without Britain
  • heavily influential
39
Q

Who is Nkumbah?

A

Ghana’s independence leader

40
Q

What did Nkumbah do?

A
  • Key independence leader of the Gold Coast (now Ghana), who felt it was ready for independence due to its economic stability
  • Campaigned hard for the British to leave, for which he was imprisoned
  • Won gold coast elections in 1951and was let out to become Prime Minister
  • Ghana became independent in 1957
41
Q

Why was Nkumbah significant during his life?

A
  • voted for due to popularity and persistance
  • both a short and long term figurehead of black independence
42
Q

Why was Nkumbah’s life significant in the long term?

A
  • moved Ghana into the modern day
  • Freed Gold Coast from British rule and embraced nationalism
  • inspired other black people to claim freedom
43
Q

Who was Kenyatta?

A

Elected president of the Kenya African union

44
Q

What did Kenyatta do?

A
  • campaiged for independence and access to white owned land in Kenya
  • Mau Mau favoured violence against white settlers, and they fought Britain
  • was imprisoned for the Mau Mau rebellion, despite having no association
  • he persuaded Britain that reforms were necessary after 8 years
  • Kenya became independent and he became prime minister
45
Q

Why was Kenyatta significant during his life?

A
  • fought for Kenyan independence
  • became a popular prime minister
  • played a significant role as the KAU in winning independence
  • introduced a law banning Kenayn/Asian trading rights
46
Q

Why was Kenyatta significant after his lifetime?

A
  • transformed Kenya into a modern republic
  • formed Kenyan nationalist views and culture

History GCSE AQA (12 decks)

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