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History GCSE AQA > Conflict and Tension: 1919-39: The Origins and Outbreak of WW2 > Flashcards

Conflict and Tension: 1919-39: The Origins and Outbreak of WW2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the effects of the Depression?

A
  • vast unemployment
  • lack of trust in the government
  • demands for change
  • homelessness
  • starvation
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2
Q

How did the Depression catalyse the rise of dictators?

A
  • People wanted strong governments who promised to put things right
  • protection against the communist revolution
  • protection against the expansion of countries
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3
Q

What were Hitler’s aims?

A
  • Lebensraum and Volksdeutche, both of which aimed to expand German territory
  • Overturn Versailles
  • Destroy Communism
  • Rearmament
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4
Q

Describe the Dollfuss affair

A
  • Engelbert Dollfuss was the dictator of Austria
  • Dollfuss refused to let Austria become part of Germany
  • This led to multiple terrorist attacks from the Austrian Nazis, but Dollfuss continued to refuse to commit to Anschluss
  • In July 1934 a group of Austrian Nazis staged a poorly organised coup and killed Dollfuss. They took control of the government buildings which were soon restored control of once the Italian troops got involved
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5
Q

What did the Dollfuss affair teach Hitler?

A
  • that he needed support from allies, e.g.: Mussolini
  • he needed to properly rearm
  • Germany was not yet powerful enough to expand its territory
  • that he was still vulnerable to attacks
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6
Q

Why was the Saar returned to Germany in 1935?

A

As a part of the ToV, the people of the Saar would be offered a plebiscite to decide whether they wanted to stay in France or Germany. 90% voted for Germany, which Hitler used as propoganda

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7
Q

Describe the rearmament parade that Hitler held in March 1935

A

Hitler announced that he had rebuilt the German army and reintroduced conscription and the air force

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8
Q

How many soldiers did Hitler have by 1939?

A

1 million

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9
Q

What was agreed in the Anglo-German naval agreement?

A

That Hitler could rebuild his navy up to 35% that of Britain’s

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10
Q

Describe the Stresa Front and when it happened

A
  • April 1935
  • Countries Italy, France and Britain condemned German rearmament so they formed a mutual agreement to uphold their territorial boundaries and stop Germany from further undermining the ToV
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11
Q

Which area did Hitler send troops into in 1936 that was meant to be demilitarised?

A

Rhineland

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12
Q

What did Hitler show the world he had during the Spanish Civil War which was against the ToV?

A

An Air Force

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13
Q

Describe the Rome-Berlin Axis and state when it took place

A
  • 1936
  • informal agreement between Mussolini and Hitler to working together more
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14
Q

Describe the Anti-Comintern pact and state when it took place

A
  • Germany, Japan and Italy signed a pact against communists, neither country would enter an alliance with a communist country
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15
Q

Which country did Hitler take over as part of Anschluss in 1938?

A

Austria

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16
Q

Why didn’t Britain react to Anschluss?

A

They felt as if Germany was going into its own backyard as Austria was German-speaking and that this was fair. It also represents their original thoughts of the ToV being too harsh

17
Q

How did the Anglo-German naval agreement undermine the Stresa Pact?

A
  • weakened the spirit of the Stresa pact as rather than displaying a united front, Britain was going around making its own pacts
  • Britain basically allowed Germany to rearm
  • Harmed Britain and France’s relationship and this was whilst the Abyssinian crisis was occurring, when they most needed each other
18
Q

Define appeasement

A

A policy of giving Hitler some of what he wanted in the hope that this would prevent a war

19
Q

Describe some arguments for appeasement

A
  • People wanted peace
  • British armed forces were already stretched by military commitments across the empire, let alone be ready to fight another war
  • Politicians in other countries admired Hitler’s success - he had improved the economy and built an impressive new infrastructure, so they didn’t want to fight him
  • the British feared communism and Germany acted as a barrier against the USSR
  • If Britain went to war, they wouldn’t be guaranteed support from USA and France
20
Q

Describe some arguments against appeasement

A
  • Hitler became more demanding as time went on, he began asking for lands with a significant German population, but later he threatened countries where this wasn’t the case
  • Some politicians at the time warned about the dangers of appeasement. Churchill warned that a rearmed Germany was a threat
  • Hitler proved that he couldn’t be trusted to keep his promises and that he would use violence
  • opportunities to stop Hitler when he was weak such as during the remilitarisation of Rhineland
  • Appeasement was morally wrong
21
Q

Which country was the Sudetenland part of?

A

Czechoslovakia

22
Q

Why did Hitler want to take control of the Sudetenland?

A

It had a large minority German population, an estimated 3 million

23
Q

What did Hitler do to try and take control of Sudetenland?

A
  • claimed that the Czech government was discriminating against the Germans
  • May 1938: moved his armies to the border of Czechoslovakia ready to go to war
  • Czech leader Benes was ready to fight
24
Q

What was the Munich Agreement?

A
  • an agreement between Chamberlain and Hitler
  • the Sudetenland would be given to Germany but Hitler guaranteed he wouldn’t invade the rest of Czechoslovakia
25
Q

What were the effects of the Munich agreement?

A
  • bought Britain time to rearm
  • temporarily prevented war
  • Czechs and USSR weren’t consulted
  • Czechs are now at the brink of a horrible invasion
  • USSR feels like B + F no longer value them as allies and worried about Hitler’s intentions
26
Q

How did Hitler break the Munich agreement?

A

Nazis invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia

27
Q

How did the invasion of Czechoslovakia strengthen Germany?

A
  • large Czech army removed as a threat
  • Czech airfields in the range of many German cities were lost
  • Czech armament industry was now Germany’s
  • proved Hitler was lying about Munich
28
Q

Who did the Nazi’s ally with in 1939?

A

The Soviets

29
Q

What were the benefits to Germany of the Nazi-Soviet pact?

A
  • an invasion of Poland without facing a war on both fronts
  • USSR no longer B + F’s ally
  • USSR’s massive army no longer a threat to Germany
  • gaining territory without an actual fight
  • Poland could act as a buffer to stop attacks from the west
30
Q

What were the benefits to the USSR of the Nazi-Soviet pact?

A
  • Stalin felt betrayed by B+ F and thought that they were being weak by appeasing Hitler
  • realised he could not trust them to help protect the USSR if Hitler invaded
  • B + F sent minor diplomats to meet with Stalin whereas Hitler sent a senior Nazi - more respect
  • Hitler agreed Stalin would gain Polish territory without fighting
  • Becoming allies gave Stalin time to prepare in case of an invasion
  • Land in Poland would act as a buffer in case of an attack
31
Q

Describe the Invasion of Poland

A
  • 1 Sept. 1939: a German battleship attacked Danzig and the German army and Luftwaffe descended on Poland
  • 3 Sept. 1939: The British sent an ultimatum - Hitler must leave Poland by 11:00 a.m. or Britain would declare war
  • Hitler sent no reply, so B + F declared war
32
Q

Why was Hitler held responsible for the outbreak of WW2?

A
  • He wanted new land for Germany from other nations
  • He was prepared to bully and fight to get what he wanted
  • had an aggressive foreign policy
  • He rearmed Germany to be a military power, suggesting that he always intended to go to war with Europe
33
Q

What was Chamberlain’s role in the outbreak of WW2?

A
  • missed opportunities to stop Hitler due to appeasement
  • H was encouraged by the fact that C kept giving him what he wanted, which pushed him to invade Poland
  • Excluded Stalin from the Munich agreement, therefore alienating him and prompting him to sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact
34
Q

What was Stalin’s role in the outbreak of WW2?

A
  • signed the Nazi-Soviet pact despite Hitler wanting to destroy communism
  • Size of the USSR army meant that Hitler had a powerful ally
  • pact meant no war on two fronts, Hitler could invade Poland
35
Q

How did the Treaty of Versailles cause the outbreak of WW2?

A
  • Resentment of the Treaty continued throughout the inter-war period
  • New countries that were created by the treaty were unstable and vulnerable to attack, which Hitler could take advantage of
  • treaty caused economic problems for Germany which fuelled more resentment
36
Q

How did the Wall Street Crash cause the outbreak of WW2?

A
  • caused a global economic crisis
  • hit Germany especially hard, which fuelled more resentment
  • countries prioritised their own economic recoveries, which rendered the League useless at settling international disputes

History GCSE AQA (12 decks)

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