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History GCSE AQA > Migration: Britain in the Twentieth Century > Flashcards

Migration: Britain in the Twentieth Century Flashcards

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1
Q

Define internal migration

A

When a person migrates within their own country

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2
Q

Why did Britain’s population rise between 1750 and 1900?

A
  • better medical treatment
  • improved food supplies
  • improved sanitation
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3
Q

Define urbanisation

A

The increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas

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4
Q

Name three things that were used as propaganda to get the British public to support the empire

A
  • magazines
  • adverts
  • commemoration plates
  • nursery rhymes
  • school books
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5
Q

Why was there a process of urbanisation in 19th century Britain?

A
  • immigration from abroad: they were attracted to jobs in urban areas
  • rural to urban migration: due to the rise in farm machinery, less labour was required on farms so workers left to find new jobs
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6
Q

Why did many people from Ireland migrate to Britain?

A
  • to escape the extreme poverty in parts of Ireland and find better-paid jobs
  • 1846: a disease called the ‘potato blight’ ruined the Irish potato harvest, causing many to starve. In order to avoid starvation, many fled to England
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7
Q

What is the name of someone who works building infrastructure such as canals and roads?

A

Navvies

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8
Q

What percentage of soldiers did the Irish make up in the British army?

A

40%

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9
Q

What did the Irish experience in England?

A
  • religiously based discrimination and hate crimes as the Irish were devout Catholics in a majority Protestant country
  • Irish blamed for increased crime rates as they tend to drink a lot, which would lead to violence
  • Irish were blamed for spreading diseases due to their habitation in poor sanitation
  • Irish were accused of taking jobs from the British, then when they couldn’t find work they were called lazy
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10
Q

What caused Jewish migration from Eastern Europe in the late 19th century and early 20th century?

A

Pogroms, which were a form of religious persecution in Russia as Jews were not a protected community by the government

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11
Q

What caused Jewish migration during WW2?

A

Holocaust

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12
Q

Where did many Jewish migrants settle?

A

East End of London

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13
Q

Give two impacts of the Jewish community in Britain?

A
  • strong resentment towards them for ‘stealing jobs’
  • led to the aliens act to restrict immigration, which was passed in 1905. It introduced categories of migrants who could be refused entry to Britain
  • set up businesses such as Marks and Spencers
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14
Q

Explain the indenture system

A

Transportation to a new place is paid for by the person must work for their master for a certain period of time to pay off the debt

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15
Q

Give three examples of where the indenture system was used by the British

A
  • British to America
  • Tamils from South India picking tea on estates in Sri Lanka or tapping rubber in Malaysia
  • Indians moving to Kenya and Uganda to build railways
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16
Q

How many Kenyan Asians were there by the late 1960s?

A

180,000

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17
Q

How did the Kenyan Asians play a vital role in the economy?

A
  • businessmen
  • bankers
  • shop keepers
  • professionals
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18
Q

How many convicts were sent to Australia over a 20 year period?

A

20,000

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19
Q

Why did many convicts decide to stay in Australia at the end of their sentence?

A

To become farmers due to the availability of land

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20
Q

Which countries had gained independence by 1922?

A
  • New Zealand
  • Canada
  • south Africa
  • Australia
  • Egypt
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21
Q

What issues in Britain caused the move towards independence after WWII?

A
  • Britain’s wealth supply was depleting
  • many countries had been cut off from the supply of British goods –> no longer reliant on Britain
  • overshadowed by the political and financial might of USA and the Soviet Union
22
Q

What demands from colonies was Britain unable to fulfil which fuelled the move towards independence after WWII?

A
  • due to the education system, people learned about political ideas such as democracy and freedom, which made them want this for their own countries
  • Africans + Indians fought for Britain’s freedom but their countries were not yet free
  • many in the colonies were nationalistic and wanted to revive old traditions which was only possible if Britain left
  • some suggested that the British though that those of European descent were superior to non whites
23
Q

Name two organisations who fought for Indian independence

A
  • Indian National Congress
  • Muslim League
24
Q

What happened to India in 1947?

A

Partition to independent India and Pakistan

25
Q

Which organisation in West Africa demanded independence?

A

National Congress of British West Africa

26
Q

Who led the independence movement in the Gold Coast?

A

Dr Kwame Kkhrumah

27
Q

When did Ghana gain independence?

A

1957

28
Q

Which organisation campaigned for Kenyan Independence?

A

Kenya Africa Union led by Kenyatta

29
Q

Which group led a violent campaign against white settlers in Kenya?

A

Mau Mau

30
Q

When did Kenya gain independence?

A

1963

31
Q

Why did those living in Hong Kong move to Britain?

A

When HK became a part of China in 1997, 50,000 people from their were given British Passport

32
Q

What was the Suez Crisis?

A

In 1956, Egypt’s President Nasser took control of the British and French-owned Suez Canal. The canal was valuable to the British as it was a gateway to the Middle East. When talks failed, British and French troops invaded the Canal zone whilst Israel attacked from overhead. US + UN condemned the invasion and troops were forced to retreat

33
Q

What was the impact of the Suez Canal?

A
  • Britain couldn’t go to war to preserve their interests if the rest of the world disapproved
  • therefore, they allowed for their colonies to have independence if they were stable and prosperous enough
34
Q

Why is the Suez Canal important?

A
  • Britain lost its role as a superpower + all of its colonies
  • USA and the Soviet Union solidified as a world superpower
35
Q

How many Caribbean soldiers fought for the British army in WWII?

A

10,000

36
Q

What challenges did Jamaica face after WWII that acted as push factors?

A
  • hurricane which devasted their buildings
  • undeveloped tourism industry
  • sugar exports were at an all-time low
  • lack of job opportunities
  • 1948: British National Act passed allowing those who lived in the Empire to become passport holders + entitled to work there
37
Q

What was the name of the first ship which arrived with Caribbean migrants?

A

Empire Windrush

38
Q

What challenges did the Caribbean population face in Britain?

A
  • low-paid jobs
  • faced with openly racist words on house rental signs
  • several outbreaks of violence on black youth in Notting Hill and Nottingham
  • discrimination in housing known as the ‘colour bar’
39
Q

What impact did Caribbean migration have on Britain?

A
  • newspapers full of stories of the ‘colour problem’ that was heading towards Britain and some politicians demanded that they had to be sent back
  • most Jamaicans found work
  • Notting Hill carnival began as a gesture of defiance from the black community
  • 1962: gov. tried to slow down the Black people coming in and passed an immigration act
40
Q

How many west Indian immigrants arrived each year by 1960?

A

40,000

41
Q

Which country disputed British ownership of the Falkland Islands?

A

Argentina

42
Q

Why did General Galtieri want to have a quick war to return the Falklands Islands to Argentina?

A

To distract the public from their economic problems

43
Q

Did Britain join the European Coal and Steel community when it was created n 1951?

A

No

44
Q

Why did Britain want to join the European Economic Community in the 1960s?

A

It was an economic success

45
Q

Which country blocked Britain’s entry?

A

France

46
Q

What powers does the European Parliament created in 1979, have?

A

Initially to advise but now it can pass laws which apply to all member countries

47
Q

What did the Maastricht Treaty agree on in the 1990s?

A

Agreed to extend cooperation further to include foreign affairs and to accept more members in the future. The EEC has become the EU

48
Q

Which did new members join the EU in the early 2000s?

A

Former Soviet Union countries had gained independence after the Cold War

49
Q

Why do some people like the EU?

A

Strong trade links and collective security

50
Q

Why do some people dislike the EU?

A

Britain has a unique history which should be preserved and worry about loss of ability to make decisions

History GCSE AQA (12 decks)

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