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History GCSE AQA > Conflict and Tension: 1919-39: Peace-making > Flashcards

Conflict and Tension: 1919-39: Peace-making Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the name of the British leader at the Paris Peace Conference?

A

David Lloyd George

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2
Q

What was the name of the French leader at the Paris Peace Conference?

A

Georges Clemenceau

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3
Q

What was the name of the American leader at the Paris Peace Conference?

A

Woodrow Wilson

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4
Q

What was the name given to the French, American and British leader at the Paris Peace Conference?

A

The Big Three

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5
Q

What were Lloyd-George’s aims during the Paris Peace Conference?

A
  • safeguard Britain’s naval supremacy
  • Please electors who wanted to ‘make Germany pay’
  • Leave Germany strong enough to trade (bought back jobs)
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6
Q

What were Clemenceau’s aims during the Paris Peace Conference?

A
  • cripple Germany so they don’t start another war
  • weaken the German army
  • wanted Alsace- Lorraine for France
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7
Q

What were Wilson’s aims during the Paris Peace Conference?

A
  • to end the war and create the LON
  • ensure Germany wasn’t destroyed
  • not to blame Germany for the war –> deemed as too harsh
  • wanted to end all wars and wanted disagreements to be discussed rather than going to war
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8
Q

How were the Big Three’s aims reflective of their performance in WW1?

A
  • France: suffered the most during the war as the fighting happened on their land
  • Britain: suffered in the war but not as much as F
  • America: barely suffered in WW1
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9
Q

What were the disagreements during the Paris Peace conference?

A
  • Clemenceau + Wilson: USA hasn’t suffered as badly as France, Clemenceau resented Wilson’s generous attitude towards Germany
  • Clemenceau + LG: C felt as if Britain was ok to treat Germany on land, where they weren’t a threat but not on sea, where they were
  • LG +W: LG disagreed on 2 points of the 14 points - access to the seas + people ruling themselves was somewhat threatening to the British Empire
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10
Q

What was the name of Wilson’s plan for the future?

A

The Fourteen Point Plan

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11
Q

Define ‘self determination’

A

Giving national groups their own countries

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12
Q

What were the four key clauses of the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • territorial
  • military
  • financial and economic
  • war guilt
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13
Q

What was Germany’s role in the Paris Peace Conference?

A
  • they weren’t allowed to attend
  • they assumed that the armistice would be based on Wilson’s 14 points
  • it was not
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14
Q

How much did Germany have to pay in reparations?

A

£6,600 million

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15
Q

What did Germany lose overall?

A
  • 10% of all its land
  • 12.5% of its population
  • 16% of all its coalfields + 50% of iron and steel industry
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16
Q

How many soldiers was Germany allowed?

A

100,000

17
Q

Name three pieces of land Germany lost

A
  • Alsace-Lorraine
  • Rhineland
  • Saarland
  • The Polish Corridor
  • all overseas colonies
18
Q

What was the war guilt clause?

A

Germany had to take the blame for starting the war

19
Q

Who was given the German colonies to control?

A

League of Nations

20
Q

In reality, who was actually controlling the German colonies?

A

Britain and France

21
Q

What were the German leaders who signed the Treaty of Versailles known as?

A

The November Criminals

22
Q

What term was used to describe the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Diktat

23
Q

What was the German people’s reaction to the Treaty?

A
  • angry + humiliated
  • Mass protest outside the Reichstag in 1919
  • military restrictions would weaken them in comparison to B + F and would prevent them from becoming an imperial superpower
  • Treaty implied that they completely lost the war, which they didn’t as they had their fair share of wins and were able to successfully defend their country from invasion
24
Q

Why wasn’t America pleased with the treaty?

A
  • fourteen points had not been reflected + thought that the treaty was too harsh
  • felt it would not create peace
  • American congress refused to sign the treaty and signed a separate treaty with Germany
25
Q

Why wasn’t Britain pleased with the treaty?

A

LG:
- thought that the treaty was too harsh on Germany
- terms that were too harsh would lead to resentment and eventually another war
British public
- were pleased w the public as they got the revenge they wanted

26
Q

Why wasn’t France pleased with the treaty?

A
  • felt it wasn’t harsh enough
  • Clemenceau was voted out because of this
27
Q

What were the strengths of the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • brought peace to Europe
  • Restored country boundaries + gave them a more individual identity
  • France regained Alsace-Lorraine
  • war had caused a huge amount of damage and reparations were required to rebuild
28
Q

What were the weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • C +LG feared that treaties would lead to another war
  • The treaty left Germans helpless; so they hated it
  • None of the Big 3 got their way, lots of disagreements
  • Germans had no say in it so they saw it as forced - Diktat
  • New countries and states weren’t stable enough to run themselves - no military, political or economic power
  • Caused displacement of a lot of the German public
29
Q

What other treaties were created at the end of the war?

A
  • St Germain
  • Trianon
  • Neuilly
  • Sevres
30
Q

What did the treaty of St Germain deal with and what were its terms?

A
  • Austria
  • separates Austria + Hungary
  • took away land
  • made Austria limit its army
  • created new countries
31
Q

What did the treaty of Trianon deal with and what were its terms?

A
  • Hungary
  • took land away
  • made them reduce their army
  • created new countries
32
Q

What did the treaty of Neuilly deal with and what were its terms?

A
  • Bulgaria
  • took away land
  • denied access to the sea
  • made Bulgaria reduce its army
33
Q

What did the treaty of Sevres deal with and what were its terms?

A
  • Turkey
  • lost land
  • lost control of the Black Sea

History GCSE AQA (12 decks)

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