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Population Issues > Migration > Flashcards

Migration Flashcards

1
Q

Why is Migration IMPORTANT?

A

Fertility+Mortality+Migration!

Migration can increase or decrease population size FAR more quickly than either mortality or fertility

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2
Q

What is Migration?

A
  • It is a permanent change in residence
  • further, it involves the “detachment from the organization of activities at one place and the movement of the total round of activities to another”
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3
Q

Internal Migration means what?

A

-permanent change of residence w/in the same country (short-distance mobility and true internal migration)

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4
Q

Short-distance mobility

A

moving from one HOUSE to another w/in the same geographic unit (neighborhood, city, county, state)

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5
Q

True Internal migration

A

moving between geographic units (neighborhoods, cities, countries, states, regions)

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6
Q

International Migration means what?

A

A permanent move from one country to another

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7
Q

In-Migration (key term)

A

the flow of population movement into the area of interest (in-migrant)

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8
Q

What is an individual mover that is moving into the area called?

A

Individual mover into the area is an IN-migrant

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9
Q

Out-Migration (key term)

A

the flow of population movement out of the area of interest (out-migrant)

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10
Q

What are two measures of migration?

A

Net Migration and Total Migration

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11
Q

Net-Migration

A

the number of in-migrants - the number of out-migrants

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12
Q

What does Net-Migration indicate?

A

indicates the net loss or gain associated with migration into and out of a SINGLE LOCATION

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13
Q

In-Migrants + #out-migrations =

A

Total Migration-the potential impact on population composition

  • measures the total volume (flow) of migration
  • indicates how closely linked two locales are by virtue of sharing migration flows and counterflows
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14
Q

In the Push-Pull “Theory” of Migration what are the PUSH factors?

A

:stresses and strains that push people out of their current place of residence

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15
Q

In the Push-Pull “Theory” of Migration what are the PULL factors?

A

:factors that draw people towards a more attractive destination

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16
Q

In the Push-Pull “Theory” of Migration what are the INTERVIEWING factors?

A

:Factors that either raise or lower the social or economic costs of making a move

  • obstacles
  • facilitators
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17
Q

What are forms of Migrant Selectivity and its effects?

A

Some forms of Migrant Selectivity are:

  • Age
  • Employment
  • Social Economic Status (income increases mobility)
  • Education (esp long distance mobility)
18
Q

What are some other selectivity (migrant) factors?

A 
Marital Status
-both working
-changes in marital status
Children
-ties to schools, friends, activities
Homeownership
Length of Residence
-Sentimental attachment
Race
-similar levels of mobility across race
19
Q

Propensity to Migrate

A
  • individual human capital attributes
  • individual risk-taking traits
  • household characteristics and resources
  • household/family migration norms
  • community characteristics
  • community migration networks
20
Q

Motivation to Migrate

A
  • Benefits (goals) of migration

- Costs/constraints of migration

21
Q

Decision to Migrate

A

-migration intentions —> Migration behavior

22
Q

Conceptual models of Migration Decision Making (3 Key Points)

A

1) Propensity to Migrate
2) Motivation to Migrate
3) Decision to Migrate

23
Q

What percent of the world’s population is living in a foreign country? (international migration)

A

3% of world’s population is living in a foreign country

24
Q

What are three key facts in regards to International Migration?

A
  • About 3% of world population are migrants (actually a small number)
  • > 160 M people living outside of country of birth in 2000 (120M in 1990)
  • Majority of plantet (7B) never cross a national border
25
Q

Those who do migrate tend to move where?

A

Those who do migrate tend to move short distances to nearby country.

26
Q

What are 3 International Migration Reasons?

A

1) Vary Widely
2) Push factors: Response to UNEQUAL OPPORTUNITIES (ie disparity) between sending and receiving countries
- economic (jobs income)
- social (refugee/war/racial or religious oppression)
3) Pull factors: Potential for future earnings
- sending one family member like an insurance policy
- remittances

27
Q

International Migration

A

permanent move from one country to another

28
Q

International Migrants

A
  • legal immigrants- governmental permission to be there
  • undocumented immigrants - no govt permission
  • refugees
  • Asylees
29
Q

What is the difference between a refugee and a asylees?

A

Refugees- UN def: any person who is outside his/her country of nationality and unable or unwilling to return bc of persecution
Asylees- a refugee who is already in the country to which they are applying for admission

30
Q

What 5 Countries officially admit international migrants as permanent residents?

A

1) US (800,000)
2) Canada
3) Australia
4) Israel
5) New Zealand (35,000)

31
Q

Are our conceptions about illegal immigration true?

A

No, legal routes more common than illegal.

32
Q

Who has the biggest recipient of immigrants?

A

Immigration accounts for 1/3 of US population growth per year
(that means over 800,000 legal immigrants per year, 300,000 to 500,000 undocumented migrants, only about 200,000 emigrate per year)

33
Q

Immigrants (types of IN-MIGRANTS)

A
  • hold permanent visa to stay in the US
  • eligible to become a citizen after 5 yrs
  • includes refugees and asylees
34
Q

Non immigrants (types of IN-MIGRANTS)

A
  • hold visas to remain in US temporarily

- eg students, temp workers, tourists

35
Q

Undocumented / unauthorized migrants

A
  • foreign citizens in the US with no valid visa

- 60% cross a border illegally, 40% enter under other status (as nonimmigrants) and overstay their visa

36
Q

How many eras of US immigration law were there?

A
  1. Open Door/ Laissez Faire (1776-1875)
  2. Era of Qualitative Restrictions (1876-1920)
  3. Era of Qualitative Restrictions( 1921-1964)
  4. Era of Reform (1965- 1979)
  5. Era of perpetual Revisions (1980-present)
37
Q
  1. Open Door/ Laissez Faire (1776-1875)
  2. Era of Qualitative Restrictions (1876-1920)
  3. Era of Qualitative Restrictions( 1921-1964)
  4. Era of Reform (1965- 1979)
  5. Era of perpetual Revisions (1980-present)
A
  1. Everybody Welcome
  2. Certain people not welcome (esp Asians)
  3. Most people unwelcome- except guestworkers from Mexico
  4. Civil Rights era- Asians and Latinos are okay now
38
Q

Where did the first immigrant hail from?

A

N and W Europe (19th century: England, Ireland, Scotland, Sweden, Germany)

39
Q

Post Civil War, there was more land to settle and as reaction to that what happened?

A

-new influx of labor migration (late 19th and early 20th)

40
Q

When did peak immigration occur?

A

peak immigartion occured in 1900-1910
(one in ten Americans were immigrants!)
-14% of US were foreign born (in 2010 came close to that again 13%)

Population Issues (16 decks)

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