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Population Issues > Fertility > Flashcards

Fertility Flashcards

1
Q

How do populations change?

A

The Demographic Balancing Equation:

POPULATION = FERTILITY+MORTALITY+MIGRATION

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2
Q

What does it mean to be a global citizen?

A

The idea that you are one among many.

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3
Q

As of Sept. 28, 2012– What was the US population? The World?

A

US Pop. 314 million

World Pop. 7 billion

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4
Q

What does a demographic transition model traditionally describes?

A

A population tends to progress through as it moves from high mortality and fertility rates to low mortality and fertility rates.

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5
Q

What is the general World reaction to global population policy?

A
  • Most countries have a population policy
  • 5 international population conferences
  • assumption that population growth is automatically/economically bad.
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6
Q

What are the 2 related meanings when you hear the word Fertility?

A

1) The # of births occurring to an individual woman

2) The # of births occurring in a population

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7
Q

What does Fecundity mean?

A

the physiological capacity to produce children

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8
Q

What does Fertility mean?

A

the actual reproductive behavior of a woman, a couple, of a population.

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9
Q

Why measure Fertility? (2 purposes)

A
  1. Population Additions: asses the relative # of ppl added to a population in a given time
  2. Behavioral Differences; asses childbearing behavior for otherwise similar women in different populations.
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10
Q

What do Rates measure?

A

Measures used to convey the # of events occuring out of the # “at risk” of such an event during a specific period of time.

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11
Q

What does CBR stand for?

A

Crude Birth Rate

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12
Q

What is the Crude Birth Rate equation? (MEASURING FERTILITY PT1)

A

CBR = (# of births/ total population) x 1000

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13
Q

CBR advantages (MEASURING FERTILITY PT1)

A
  • good for looking at fertilit’s contribution to population growth
  • ok for comparing populations
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14
Q

CBR disadvantages (MEASURING FERTILITY PT1)

A

-not a good basis for comparing behaviors because it ignores age and sex structure of a population

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15
Q

What does TFR stand for?

A

Total Fertility Rate- the average number of children the women in a population will have over their lifetime if exposed to the currently prevailing age-specific fertility rates.

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16
Q

What is the Total Fertility Rate Equation?

A

TFR= ASFR x 5 (ASFR = Age specific fertility rates)

17
Q

What is the most commonly used (useful) measure of fertility?

A

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) it measures the number of children a woman will have by the end of her child bearing years

18
Q

How do you measure the average number of births required for couples to replace themselves in the population?

A

Replacement-level fertility

19
Q

What are Bongaarts 4 main “proximate determinants” of fertility? (the factors affecting lower fertility)

A

1) level of use of contraception
2) Age of marriage
3) Prevalence of abortion
4) levels of involuntary in-fecundity (esp. due to breast feeding)

20
Q

What factors are nessary to lower fertility rates? (3)

A
  1. the acceptance of calculated choice as a valid element infertility
  2. the perception that reduction of fertility is advantages
  3. knowledge + mastery of the techniques to control fertility
21
Q

What are some reason why poor families have many children?

A
  • children as rsources (labor income ect)
  • powerlessness of women, men-> son pref.
  • religion, social class, culture
  • lack of health services
22
Q

In underdeveloped countries at age 15 what has a boy already accomplished?

A

Through his work; has already repaid the investment his family have made in him.

23
Q

What were specific goals emerging from the 1994 Cairo Conference?

A
  • raise status of women
  • improve family planning and general reproductive health
  • develop initatives for sustainable development
24
Q

Define sustainable development.

A

economic development manner that does not exhaust or permanently degrade the natural resources available to a population.

25
Q

What was INDIA’S early population campaign?

A

1952: first country to launch family planning campaign

26
Q

What was CHINA’S early population campaign?

A

One-child rule implemented in the 1970s, fertility was already declining.

27
Q

What was KENYA’S early population campaign?

A

first sub-Saharan African family planning campaign (late 1960s)

Population Issues (16 decks)

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