Midterms Exam Reviewer M1S1 Flashcards

1
Q

is a systematic process that includes phases such as planning, Analysis, Design, Deployment and Maintenance.

A

System Development

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2
Q

Major Components of System Development:

A
  1. System Analysis
  2. System Design
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3
Q

Refers to the process of examining Business Situation with the intent of improving it with better procedure and methods

A

System Development

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4
Q

is the process of planning a new business system or one to replace or complement an existing system.

A

System Design

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5
Q

Gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems and using the information to recommend improvements to the system.

A

System Analysis

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6
Q

may be referred to as any set of components which function in an interrelated manner for a common cause or objective.

A

System

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7
Q

System is Derived from the Greek Word “______”

A

Systema

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8
Q

this means an organized relationship among functioning units or components.

A

Systema

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9
Q

is an orderly grouping of interdependent components linked together according to a plan to achieve a specific objective.

A

System

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10
Q

Characteristics of a system:

A
  1. Organization
  2. Interdependence
  3. Central objective
  4. Interaction
  5. Integration
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11
Q

It implies structure and order

A

Organization

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12
Q

it is the arrangement of components that helps to achieve objectives.

A

Organization

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13
Q

refers to the manner in which each component functions with other components

A

Interaction

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14
Q

this means that part of the organization or computer system depend on one another. they are coordinated and linked together according to plan

A

interdependence

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15
Q

refers to the holism of system. synthesis follows analysis to achieve central objectives of the organization. “__________” is concerned how a system is tied together.

A

Integration

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16
Q

it means that parts of the system work together within the system even though each part performs a unique function. successful “_____________” will typically produce synergistic effect and greater total impact than if each component works separately;

A

Integration

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17
Q

the last characteristic of a system is its “_______________”

A

Central Objective

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18
Q

“______________” may be real or stated. although a stated “_____________” may be the real “_____________”, it is not uncommon for an organization to state one objective and operate to achieve another.

A

Objective

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19
Q

user must know the “__________________” of a computer application early in the analysis for a successful design and conversion

A

Central Objectives

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20
Q

Elements of a System:

A

Input -> Processor (Control) -> Output -> Feedback

Boundaries and interfaces (Output)

Environment

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21
Q

a major objective of a system is to produce an “_______” that has value to its user.

A

Output

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22
Q

are the elements (Materials, Human Resources and information) that enters the system for processing

A

Input

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23
Q

is the outcome of processing

A

Output

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24
Q

is the element of a system that involves the actual transformation of input into output.

A

Processor

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25
Q

It is the operational component of a system.

A

Processor

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26
Q

“___________” may modify the input totally or partially, depending on the specification of the output.

A

Processor

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27
Q

as the output specification change so does the “___________”. in some cases, input is also modified to enable the “______________” to handle the transformation.

A

Processor

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28
Q

element that guides the system. it is the decision - making subsystem that “__________” the pattern of activities governing input, processing and output

A

Control

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29
Q

Control in a dynamic system is achieve by “______________”

A

Feedback

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30
Q

Measures output against a standard in some form of cybernetic procedure that includes communication and control.

A

Feedback

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31
Q

may be positive or negative, routing or informational.

A

Feedback

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32
Q

reinforces the performance of the system.

A

Positive Feedback

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33
Q

generally provides the controller with information for action.

A

Negative Feedback

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34
Q

is the “suprasystem” within which an organization operates. it is the source of external elements that impinge on the system

A

Environment

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35
Q

it often determines how a system must function.

A

Environment

36
Q

a system should be define by its “_________” the limits that identify its components, processes and interrelationship when it interfaces with another system.

A

Boundaries

37
Q

each system has “________” that determines its sphere of influence and control.

A

Boundaries

38
Q

Types of System:

A
  1. Physical or Abstract
  2. Open or Closed
  3. “Man Made” Information system
39
Q

the use of “_______” makes it easier for the analyst to visualize relationships in the system under study. the objective is to point out the significant elements and the key interrelationships of a complex system;

A

Models

39
Q

are non-physical entities or conceptual that may be formulas, representation or model of a real system.

A

Abstract System

39
Q

a programmed Computer is a “____________” Data, programs, output, and applications change as the user’s demands or the priority of the information requested changes;

A

Dynamic System

39
Q

are tangible entities that may be static or dynamic in operations.

A

Physical System

40
Q

has many interfaces with its environment. it permits interaction across its boundary; it receives inputs from and Delivers output to the outside.

A

Open System

41
Q

is isolated from environmental influences;

in reality a completely “_________” is rare. in systems analysis, organizations, applications and computers are invariably open, dynamic systems influenced by their environment

A

Closed System

42
Q

Important Characteristics of open systems:

A
  1. Input From Outside
  2. Entropy
  3. Process, output and cycles
  4. Differentiation
  5. Equi-Finality
43
Q

open systems are self-adjusting and self regulating

A

Input from Outside

44
Q

all dynamic systems tend to run down overtime, resulting in “________” or loss of energy.

A

Entropy

45
Q

open systems produce useful output and operate in cycles, following a continuous path

A

Process, Output and Cycles

46
Q

Open Systems have a tendency toward an increasing specialization of functions and a greater “__________” of their component

A

Differentiation

47
Q

The term implies that goals are achieved through differing courses of action and a variety of paths

A

Equi-Finality

48
Q

is the basis for interaction between the user and the analyst. it provides instruction, commands and feedback

A

Information System

49
Q

it determines the nature of the relationships among decision makers. it may be viewed as a decision center for personnel at all levels

A

Information system

50
Q

may be defined as a set of devices, procedures and operating systems designed around user-based criteria to produce information and communicate it to the user for planning, control and performance

A

Information System

51
Q

is based on the organization represented by the organization chart. the chart is a map of position and their authority relationships, indicated by boxes and connected by straight lines. it is concerned with the pattern of authority, communication, and workflow.

A

Formal Information System

52
Q

Various business “__________” are used to show the benefits of abstracting complex system to model form.

A

System Models

53
Q

The Major Models:

A
  1. Schematic
  2. Flow
  3. Static
  4. Dynamic Models
54
Q

is a two dimensional chart depicting system elements and their linkages. different arrows are used to depict information flow, material flow and information feedback. various elements of the system are depicted in boxes.

A

Schematic Models

55
Q

shows the flow of the material, energy and information that hold the system together. there is an orderly flow of logic in such model.

A

Flow System Model

56
Q

in this model a widely known example is PERT

A

Flow System Models

57
Q

Meaning of PERT?

A

Program Evaluation and Review Technique

58
Q

is used to abstract a real-world system in model form, manipulate specific values to determine the critical path, interpret the relationships and
relay them back as a control. The probability of completion within a period is considered in connection with time, resources, and performance specifications;

A

PERT

59
Q

a type of model that exhibits one pair of relationships such as activity-time or cost-quantity

A

Static System

60
Q

Example of a Static system model?

A

Gantt chart

61
Q

Categories of information:

A
  1. Strategic Information
  2. Tactical/Managerial Information
  3. Operational Information
62
Q

Levels of Management:

A
  1. Top Level Management
  2. Middle Level Management
  3. Lower Level Management
63
Q

they make decisions affecting the entirety of the firm.

A

Top Level Management

64
Q

They are responsible for carrying out the goals set by top management

A

Middle Level Management

65
Q

they are responsible for the daily management of line workers the employees who produce the product or offer the service.

A

Lower Level Management

66
Q
  • Big Picture and Long term focused (2 to 5+ years_
  • Vision, Mission, Why, Policies and Direction
  • Executive Management
  • What is the right direction for the company
A

Strategic

67
Q
  • Short-term focused (3months to 2 years)
  • Focused on specific business department
  • Middle-Management
  • What activities to be planned in strategic alignment
A

Tactical/Managerial

68
Q
  • Focused on day to day
  • detailed level processes for specific outcome
  • execution by teams and managers
  • Are we acting in alignment with strategy?
A

Operational

69
Q

Types of Information:

A
  1. Executive Information System
  2. Decision Support System
  3. Management Information system
  4. Transaction Processing system
70
Q

is used by Executive for Strategic Decisions

A

EIS

71
Q

Used by senior managers for decision making

A

DSS

72
Q

is used by managers for operational efficiency

A

MIS

73
Q

used by workers for basic reporting

A

TPS

74
Q

is a power structure designed to achieve company goals. an organization’s emphasis on control to ensure performance tends to restrict the communication flow among employees.

A

Informal Information system

75
Q

it is organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices used to perform and record business transactions.

A

TPS

76
Q

is responsible for collecting, storing, modifying, and retrieving data and generating

A

TPS

77
Q

is a person - machine system and highly integrated grouping of information-processing functions designed to provide management with comprehensive picture of specific operations;

A

MIS

78
Q

it is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices the provides information to managers and decision makers.

A

MIS

79
Q

a non redundant collection of interrelated data items that can be processed through application programs and available to many users. all records must be related in some way. sharing common data means that many programs can use the same files or records.

A

MIS

80
Q

it is part of the software that handles virtually every activity involving the physical database;

A

MIS

81
Q

it is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices that support problem-specific decision making.

A

DSS

82
Q

Helps an organization do things right

A

MIS

83
Q

helps a manager do the right thing.

A

DSS

84
Q

it uses the same approach as DSS for managers, but is more focused on supporting executives, making in decision making.

A

ESS