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Biology 110 > Midterm unit 5 > Flashcards

Midterm unit 5 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are articulations

A

a location where two or more bones meet.

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2
Q

Fibrous joints

A

-Held together by dense regular CT
-They lack cartilage and cavity
-usually synarthroses
-they are tightly joined and immovable
-holds 2 bones together

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3
Q

Cartilaginous

A

-Bar of cartilage between 2 bones with little to no movement (ex pubic symphysis)
-no joint cavity
-pad of cartilage wedged between bone
-compresses stress and act as resilient shock absorption

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4
Q

Fibrous Joints function classification

A

Synarthrosis: immobile
Amphiarthrosis: slightly mobile

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5
Q

Cartilaginous joint function classification

A

Synarthrosis (immobile)
Amphiarthrosis: (slightly Mobile)

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6
Q

Synovial joint

A

-these are freely moveable
-has a cavity
-strengthens and stops bones from being pulled apart
-contains areolar CT
-secretes fluid and reduces friction

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7
Q

function classification

A

Synarthroses Amphiarthroses diarthroses

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8
Q

synarthrosis

A

an immovably fixed joint between bones connected by fibrous tissue

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9
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

type of articulation permitting only slight movement,

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10
Q

Diarthroses

A

permits free movement

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11
Q

Ligaments

A

bands of tissue that help hold bones, joints and organs in place

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12
Q

Bursae

A

an important lubricated fluid-filled thin sac located between bone and surrounding soft tissue, bones and tendons, and/or muscles around joints, minimize friction between muscles

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13
Q

menisci

A

Pads of Dense fibrocartilage that exists between articular surfaces

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14
Q

Types of Synovial joints

A

Planar
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball-and-socket

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15
Q

Planar joint

A
  • flat bones sliding side to side.
  • Least mobile diarthrosis
  • No rotational or angular movement
  • carpals and tarsals
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16
Q

Hinge joint

A
  • like a hinged door (humerus and ulna)
  • Convex surface of one articulating bone fitting into a concave depression on the other bone in the joint
  • Confined to a single axis
  • Finger, knee
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17
Q

Pivot joint

A
  • eg radius and ulna atlas rotated around the axis
  • One articulating bone with a rounded surface fits into a ring formed by a ligament and another bone
  • What makes you shake your head no
  • Uniaxial
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18
Q

Condyloid joint

A
  • convex oval shaped
  • Biaxial joints
  • Convex artoculates witg concave
  • 2 axis
    Side to side and back and fourth example finger
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19
Q

Saddle joint

A
  • Shape of a saddle
  • Allows thumb to grasp objects
  • Biaxial joint condylar or hinge joint
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20
Q

Ball and socket joint

A
  • Multiaxial joint
  • Articulates with the head of a bone and cuplike socket for 2nd
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21
Q

uniaxial

A

if the bone moves in just one plane or axis

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22
Q

Biaxial

A

if the bone moves in 2 planes or axes

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23
Q

Multiaxial

A

If the bone moves in multiple planes or axes

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24
Q

Gliding movement:

A

back and fourth or side to side with limited range of motion

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25
Q

Flexion

A

decrease in angle (curling up)

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26
Q

Extension

A

Increase in the angle (returning to the anatomical position)

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27
Q

Hyperextension

A

Brining back past anatomical position

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28
Q

Abduction

A

moving away from the midline

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29
Q

Adduction

A

moving toward the midline

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30
Q

Circumduction

A

Movement in a circle

31
Q

Supination

A

palm facing upwards

32
Q

Pronation

A

palm facing downwards

33
Q

elevation

A

upward movement of a body part

34
Q

Depression

A

downward movement (ex jaw)

35
Q

Protraction

A

Moving something anteriorly (outward)

36
Q

Retraction

A

moving something back inward

37
Q

Inversion

A

Moving sole of foot medially

38
Q

Eversion

A

soul of foot moves outside

39
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bending upward

40
Q

Plantar flexion

A

moving foot to point down

41
Q

Opposition

A

moving thumb to touch pinky

42
Q

Atlanta-occiptial

A

bottom of skull

43
Q

Atlanto-axial

A

top vertebrae

44
Q

Intervertebral

A

thoracic spine in between the shoulder blades

45
Q

Vertebrocostal

A

right beside the 12th rib

46
Q

sternocostal

A

the sternum

47
Q

Lumbosacral

A

5th lumbar vertebrae

48
Q

steroclavicular

A

very top of sternum

49
Q

Acromioclavicular

A

collar bone

50
Q

Radioulna

A

Proximal joint: Head of radius and radial notch of ulna
Distal joint: distal end of ulna and ulnar notch of radius

51
Q

inter carpal

A

adjacent to carpal bones

52
Q

carpometacarpal

A

thumb: trapezium and first metacarpal
Other digit: Carpals and metaparcarpals

53
Q

Metatarsoplangeal

A

head of metatarsals and proximal to phalanges

54
Q

Interphalangeal

A

head of proximal and middle phalanges with bases of middle and distal phalanges respectively

55
Q

sacroiliac

A

inner and upper [art of the pelvis

56
Q

Pubic synthesis

A

right under the sacrum

57
Q

Tibiofibular

A

superior joint: head of fibula
Inferior joint: distal end of fibula and fibular notch

58
Q

talocrural

A

distal end of tibia and malleolus of tibia and talus

59
Q

Intertarsal

A

between tarsal bones

60
Q

Tarsometatarsal

A

in the tarsals by the big toes

61
Q

temporomandibular (structure, function, and movement)

A

-On temporal bone
-synovial hinge plane joint
-Diarthosis
-depression, elevation, lateral displacement, protraction, retraction, slight rotation of mandible

62
Q

Glenohumeral Structure, function, and movement

A

-edge of shoulder blade
-synovial ball socket and joint
-diarthrosis
-abduction, adduction, circumduction, flexion, extension, lateral rotation, and medial rotation of arm

63
Q

elbow

A
  • Humeroulnar joint: Trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
    • Humeroradial joint: Capitulum of humerus and head of radius
    • Synovial hinge
    • Diarthrosis
    • Flexion and extension of forearm
64
Q

Coxal (hip)

A
  • Head of the femur and acetabulum of os coxae
    • Synovial (Ball and socket)
    • Diarthoses
    • Flexion, extension, abductions, adduction, circumduction, medial and lateral rotation of the thigh
    • Fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum deepens the socket which stabilizes the joint
    • Secured by a strong articular capsule, ligaments, and muscles
65
Q

Knee

A
  • Tibiofemoral joint: Medial condyle of femur, medial meniscus, and medial condyle tibia
    • Patellofemoral joint: Patella and patellar surface or femur
    • Synovial (hinge) at tibiofemoral both synovial hinge and synovial plane at patellofemoral
    • Diarthrosis
    • Flexion, extension lateral rotation of leg in flexed position, slight medial rotation
    • Largest most complex diarthrosis
66
Q

Effort

A

the muscle contraction

67
Q

What is the fulcrum

A

the fixed point

68
Q

First class lever

A

fulcrum is between the effort and the resistance (pair of scissors) can be advantage or disadvantage

69
Q

Second class lever

A

resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort. Provides advantage in producing force. Sacrifices speed and range of motion for force. (wheel barrow) in foot

70
Q

3rd class lever

A

Effort is between the fulcrum and the load. Most common lever in the body. Always produces a mechanical disadvantage, but allows for a larger ROM. Bicep curl.

71
Q

Osterarthritis

A

joint is lost wear and tear (old)

72
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune body breaks down cartilage and joint linings (younger)

73
Q

Gouty arthritic

A

uric acid buildup accumulates in the joints

74
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

inflammatory

Biology 110 (13 decks)

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