Midterm unit 5 Flashcards
What are articulations
a location where two or more bones meet.
Fibrous joints
-Held together by dense regular CT
-They lack cartilage and cavity
-usually synarthroses
-they are tightly joined and immovable
-holds 2 bones together
Cartilaginous
-Bar of cartilage between 2 bones with little to no movement (ex pubic symphysis)
-no joint cavity
-pad of cartilage wedged between bone
-compresses stress and act as resilient shock absorption
Fibrous Joints function classification
Synarthrosis: immobile
Amphiarthrosis: slightly mobile
Cartilaginous joint function classification
Synarthrosis (immobile)
Amphiarthrosis: (slightly Mobile)
Synovial joint
-these are freely moveable
-has a cavity
-strengthens and stops bones from being pulled apart
-contains areolar CT
-secretes fluid and reduces friction
function classification
Synarthroses Amphiarthroses diarthroses
synarthrosis
an immovably fixed joint between bones connected by fibrous tissue
Amphiarthroses
type of articulation permitting only slight movement,
Diarthroses
permits free movement
Ligaments
bands of tissue that help hold bones, joints and organs in place
Bursae
an important lubricated fluid-filled thin sac located between bone and surrounding soft tissue, bones and tendons, and/or muscles around joints, minimize friction between muscles
menisci
Pads of Dense fibrocartilage that exists between articular surfaces
Types of Synovial joints
Planar
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball-and-socket
Planar joint
- flat bones sliding side to side.
- Least mobile diarthrosis
- No rotational or angular movement
- carpals and tarsals
Hinge joint
- like a hinged door (humerus and ulna)
- Convex surface of one articulating bone fitting into a concave depression on the other bone in the joint
- Confined to a single axis
- Finger, knee
Pivot joint
- eg radius and ulna atlas rotated around the axis
- One articulating bone with a rounded surface fits into a ring formed by a ligament and another bone
- What makes you shake your head no
- Uniaxial
Condyloid joint
- convex oval shaped
- Biaxial joints
- Convex artoculates witg concave
- 2 axis
Side to side and back and fourth example finger
Saddle joint
- Shape of a saddle
- Allows thumb to grasp objects
- Biaxial joint condylar or hinge joint
Ball and socket joint
- Multiaxial joint
- Articulates with the head of a bone and cuplike socket for 2nd
uniaxial
if the bone moves in just one plane or axis
Biaxial
if the bone moves in 2 planes or axes
Multiaxial
If the bone moves in multiple planes or axes
Gliding movement:
back and fourth or side to side with limited range of motion
Flexion
decrease in angle (curling up)
Extension
Increase in the angle (returning to the anatomical position)
Hyperextension
Brining back past anatomical position
Abduction
moving away from the midline
Adduction
moving toward the midline
Circumduction
Movement in a circle
Supination
palm facing upwards
Pronation
palm facing downwards
elevation
upward movement of a body part
Depression
downward movement (ex jaw)
Protraction
Moving something anteriorly (outward)
Retraction
moving something back inward
Inversion
Moving sole of foot medially
Eversion
soul of foot moves outside
Dorsiflexion
Bending upward
Plantar flexion
moving foot to point down
Opposition
moving thumb to touch pinky
Atlanta-occiptial
bottom of skull
Atlanto-axial
top vertebrae
Intervertebral
thoracic spine in between the shoulder blades
Vertebrocostal
right beside the 12th rib
sternocostal
the sternum
Lumbosacral
5th lumbar vertebrae
steroclavicular
very top of sternum
Acromioclavicular
collar bone
Radioulna
Proximal joint: Head of radius and radial notch of ulna
Distal joint: distal end of ulna and ulnar notch of radius
inter carpal
adjacent to carpal bones
carpometacarpal
thumb: trapezium and first metacarpal
Other digit: Carpals and metaparcarpals
Metatarsoplangeal
head of metatarsals and proximal to phalanges
Interphalangeal
head of proximal and middle phalanges with bases of middle and distal phalanges respectively
sacroiliac
inner and upper [art of the pelvis
Pubic synthesis
right under the sacrum
Tibiofibular
superior joint: head of fibula
Inferior joint: distal end of fibula and fibular notch
talocrural
distal end of tibia and malleolus of tibia and talus
Intertarsal
between tarsal bones
Tarsometatarsal
in the tarsals by the big toes
temporomandibular (structure, function, and movement)
-On temporal bone
-synovial hinge plane joint
-Diarthosis
-depression, elevation, lateral displacement, protraction, retraction, slight rotation of mandible
Glenohumeral Structure, function, and movement
-edge of shoulder blade
-synovial ball socket and joint
-diarthrosis
-abduction, adduction, circumduction, flexion, extension, lateral rotation, and medial rotation of arm
elbow
- Humeroulnar joint: Trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
- Humeroradial joint: Capitulum of humerus and head of radius
- Synovial hinge
- Diarthrosis
- Flexion and extension of forearm
Coxal (hip)
- Head of the femur and acetabulum of os coxae
- Synovial (Ball and socket)
- Diarthoses
- Flexion, extension, abductions, adduction, circumduction, medial and lateral rotation of the thigh
- Fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum deepens the socket which stabilizes the joint
- Secured by a strong articular capsule, ligaments, and muscles
Knee
- Tibiofemoral joint: Medial condyle of femur, medial meniscus, and medial condyle tibia
- Patellofemoral joint: Patella and patellar surface or femur
- Synovial (hinge) at tibiofemoral both synovial hinge and synovial plane at patellofemoral
- Diarthrosis
- Flexion, extension lateral rotation of leg in flexed position, slight medial rotation
- Largest most complex diarthrosis
Effort
the muscle contraction
What is the fulcrum
the fixed point
First class lever
fulcrum is between the effort and the resistance (pair of scissors) can be advantage or disadvantage
Second class lever
resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort. Provides advantage in producing force. Sacrifices speed and range of motion for force. (wheel barrow) in foot
3rd class lever
Effort is between the fulcrum and the load. Most common lever in the body. Always produces a mechanical disadvantage, but allows for a larger ROM. Bicep curl.
Osterarthritis
joint is lost wear and tear (old)
Rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune body breaks down cartilage and joint linings (younger)
Gouty arthritic
uric acid buildup accumulates in the joints
Ankylosing Spondylitis
inflammatory
