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Biology 110 > Lecture 2 (chapter 4+5) > Flashcards

Lecture 2 (chapter 4+5) Flashcards

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1
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Forms the outer limiting barrier that separates internal contents of a cell that is fluid

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2
Q

What is a Plasma membranes function

A
  1. establishes a flexible boundary, protects cells, supports the structure, separates inside and outside of cell
  2. Regulates exit and entrance
  3. establishes and maintains electrical charge differences
  4. Communicates with other cells
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3
Q

parts of a plasma membrane

A

phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids, proteins

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4
Q

Fluid Mosaic model

A

Fluid are able to move freely in the cell

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5
Q

Phospholipids

A

the lipid bilayer (2 layers)

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6
Q

Cholesterol

A

maintains the fluidity

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7
Q

Glycolipids

A

carbohydrate attached lipid

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8
Q

what are the proteins in the plasma membrane

A

Integral, Peripheral

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9
Q

Integral protein

A

extend through the bilayer

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10
Q

Peripheral

A

Attach to the surface

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11
Q

Selective permeability

A

Is the barrier that allows some ions, gasses, and proteins cross but not others

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12
Q

Passive transport

A

moves along the membrane using no energy (typically uses diffusion)

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13
Q

simple diffusion

A

passes without the aid of a membrane protein (it squishes through)

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14
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Requires a carrier protein or channel (like a gate or a path way)

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15
Q

diffusion of water

A

Osmosis moves from low to high solute concentrate. It is the net movement of water through a selective permeable membrane.

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16
Q

tonicity

A

measure of solution ability to change the value of cells by altering water content

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17
Q

isotonic

A

when the shape stays the same because sodium and water are equal

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18
Q

Hypertonic

A

when the water in the cell is being drawn out

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19
Q

hypotonic

A

when the water is being drawn to the cell so it swells

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20
Q

Active transport

A

moves against the gradient using energy

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21
Q

primary trasport

A

uses ATP for energy

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22
Q

Secondary Transport

A

uses other sources of energy

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23
Q

Antiporters

A

carry 2 substances across membrane in opposite direction

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24
Q

Symporters

A

Carry 2 substances across the membrane in the same direction

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25
Q

Tight Junction

A

Found where a tight seal is needed between cells (bladder or Stomach)

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26
Q

Gap Junction

A

allows small substances to pass through cells

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27
Q

Desomosomes

A

specialized and highly ordered membrane domains that mediate cell-cell contact and strong adhesion.

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28
Q

Epithelium

A

lines surface, forms a protective barrier and secretes mucous and hormones

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29
Q

Shapes of Epithelium

A

Squamous, Cuboidal and columnar

30
Q

Arrangement of Epithelium

A

simple, stratified, Pseudostratified

31
Q

Simple

A

1 layer

32
Q

Stratified

A

Multiple layers

33
Q

Psuedostratified

A

looks like it has layers but in reality goes from apex to basement

34
Q

Glandular Epithelium

A

Endocrine, Epithet, and exocrine glands

35
Q

Endocrine glands

A

secrete contents into blood

36
Q

Epithet glands

A

Function and secretion

37
Q

Exocrine glands

A

secrete into lumen to duct to empty into surface

38
Q

cells in connective tissue

A

fibroblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes,osteocytes, white blood cells

39
Q

Fibroblasts

A

secretes protein fibres

40
Q

chondrocytes

A

in the cartilage

41
Q

Adipocytes

A

store fat

42
Q

Osteocytes

A

makes bone

43
Q

White blood cells

A

found in the blood

44
Q

Fibres of CT

A

Collagen, Elastin, reticular

45
Q

Collagen

A

Strong and resistant, but not stiff

46
Q

Elastin

A

strong and stretchy

47
Q

Reticular

A

supportive and mesh like

48
Q

Loose CT

A

Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

49
Q

Areolar

A

most abundant in the body. Strengthens, protects and supports. Found attached to the skin tissue between muscles

50
Q

Adipose

A

these are fat cells, they reduce heat loss, they are padding and energy source. Found surrounding organs

51
Q

Reticular

A

form scaffolding to lymphatic organs. Found in spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow

52
Q

Dence CT

A

irregular, regular, and elastic

53
Q

Irregular Dence

A

Fibroblasts with collagen fibres arranges randomly. provides strength from forces pulling many directions pulling many directions. Found in Fascia, periosteum, dermis skin

54
Q

Regular Dence

A

Fibroblasts with collagen fibres arranged regularly. Being pulled from 1 axis. Found in tendons and ligaments.

55
Q

Elastic Connective

A

fibroblasts freely branching. Allows stretch. Found in lung tissue, and walls of elastic arteries.

56
Q

Cartilage

A

collagen and elastic fibres in gel-like substance.

57
Q

Hayline Cartilage

A

chondrocytes with collagen fibres, with gel-like structure. Provide a smooth surface for joints to love. Found at the end of a long bone, ribs, nose, trachea.

58
Q

Fibrocartalage

A

Think bundles of collagen fibres that provide strength, joint structure, and shock absorption. found in between vertebrae

59
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

chondrocyte with elastic fibres. Can move around. Found one external ear.

60
Q

Bone

A

connective tissue with a calcified extracellular matrix

61
Q

What are the 3 components of muscular tissue

A

Skeletal muscle, Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle

62
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

movement in skeleton generates heat

63
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

thick middle layer of heart wall called myocardium, pumping action of heart. Is connected by intercalated discs

64
Q

Smooth Muscle tissue

A

lacks striation seen in other muscles. Visceral muscle tissue found in wall of intestine, stomach, airway, bladder, uterus, helps propel organ to control size.

65
Q

Nervous tissue

A

located in the brain, nerves, spine and consists of neutrons that receive, process and transmit

66
Q

Epithelial Membranes

A

Mucous, Serous, Cutaneous, Synovial

67
Q

Mucous Membrane

A

lines passage ways and opens external environment and performs absorption, protection or secretory functions. (found in digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems)

68
Q

Serous membrane

A

Lines body cavities does not open external environment covers surfaces of many organs composed of mesothelium which produces water fluid.

69
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

this is the skins membrane

70
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Reduces friction between moving bone parts and distributes nutrients to bones

Biology 110 (13 decks)

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