Lecture 1 (Unit 1 and 4) Flashcards
what is Anatomy
The form and structure of an organ (Ex cells layers)
What is Physiology
the function of a system (ex. how muscles function)
Metabolism
The sum of chemical reactions that occur in the body
anabolism
small molecules are joined to form larger molecules
Catabolism
large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules
tissues
groups of similar cells with similar functions
Epithiel tissue
covers exposed skin and lines the cavities
Connective tissue
connects, supports, binds structures and organs
Muscle tissue
Produces movement
Nerve tissue
Conducts nerve impulses for communication
Organs
a collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit specialized to perform a function
Organ system
multiple relative organs that work together to coordinate activities and functions (ex digestive system)
Organism
something that has many related parts that function together as a whole
Anatomical position
a supine position upward with feet parallel flat on the floor, upper limbs at the side of the body, palms anterior facing the front, eyes forward
superior
closer to the head (ex the shoulders are superior to your knees)
Inferior
closer to the feet (ex your knees are inferior to your shoulders)
Anterior
Closer to the front of the body (ex your heart is anterior to your spine)
Posterior
Closer to the back (ex your spine is posterior to your heart)
Medial
Toward the midline (ex lungs are medial to the shoulder)
Lateral
Away from the midline (ex the shoulders are lateral to the lungs)
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment (Ex The elbow is proximal to the hand)
Distal
Farther from the point of attachment (The wrist is distal to the elbow)
Superficial
Closer to the outside (The skin is superficial to muscles)
Deep
closer to the inside (Muscles are deep to the skin)
Midsagittal
Cuts the body into equal left and right halves
Sagital or Parasaggital
Cutting the body into left and right halves that aren’t equal
Transverse (Cross-Sectional)
divides body horizontally into top and bottom
Coronal (frontal)
Divides body from front to back (anterior to posterior)
Oblique
passes through the body at an angle
Posterior (dorsal) cavity
contains cavities that are completely encased in bone
Cranial cavity
formed by bone cranium contains the brain
Vertebral cavity
formed by bones of vertebral column contains the spine
Ventral cavity
larger anteriorly placed cavity that are not completely encased in bone
Thoracic Cavity
contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea and the blood vessels that connect to the heart (it is the chest)
Mediastinal
median space between lunges
Pericardial
the heart is enclosed in this 2 layered membrane
Pleural
lungs are associated with this 2 layered membrane
Abdominopelvic
abdominal cavity, superior to the pelvic brim if the hip bone
Right and Left Hypochondriac
Lateral to Epigastric region
Epigastric Region
Above the belly
Umbilical region
the belly
lumbar region
Lateral to the umbilical region
hypogastric region
under the belly
Right and left iliac
lateral to hypogastric region
Homeostasis
the ability an organism has to have internal steady state when the environment is changing
Negative feedback
When
Negative Feedback
this will cause it to work in the opposite direction of the stimulus. Variable maintained at a normal level called set point.
Positive Feedback
This stimulus is reinforced to continue the same direction until a climatic event occurs (ex Breastfeeding) after an event occurs it returns back to homeostasis.
Cytoplasm
The gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell
Cytoskeleton
framework of diverse proteins that extend beneath the plasma membrane and through inferior of the cell
Cilia
Short hair like projections from cells surface. Contains Microtubule proteins.
Flagella
Helps propel and entire cell
Ribosomes
Robsomes function is protein synthesis. Each consists of Both a large and small subunit with each subunit composed of protein and RNA.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Readily distinguishes from the even surfaced interconnected tubules of the smooth ER which lacks associates ribosome. This is an unconnected membrane that varies in shape. Rough Er and Smooth Er produce protein and transport to Golgo Complex
Golgi Complex
Packs to transport Proteins. Has 2 poles cis-face and Trans-face
Lysosomes
breaks down molecules within vesicles that enter cells by endocytosis. Removes damaged cells and cellular components and breaks down cellular components following cellular death
Peroxisomes
Detoxifies toxic subs and forms specific types of lipid
Mitochondria
Power house of the cell. Generates ATP.
